Kenji Ojima1, Chisato Dan2, Riki Nishiyama2, Sumimasa Ohtsuka2, Werner Schupp3. 1. Private practice of orthodontics in Tokyo, Japan, Hongo Sakura Orthodontics, Kataoka Building 2F, 2-39-5 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. kenjiojima@i.softbank.jp. 2. Private practice of orthodontics in Tokyo, Japan. 3. Private practice of orthodontics in Cologne, Germany.