John E S Park1, Alexander R Lyon2, Dongmin Shao3, Lauren R Hector1, Hua Xu4, Peter O'Gara5, Liao Pinhu1, Rachel C Chambers6, S John Wort7, Mark J D Griffiths7. 1. Department of Leukocyte Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK. 2. NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Myocardial Function Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK. 3. Department of Leukocyte Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. 4. NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. 5. Myocardial Function Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK. 6. Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair (CITR), University College London, Rayne Institute, London, UK. 7. Department of Leukocyte Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The burden of chronic heart failure (HF) is rising owing to an increased survivorship after myocardial infarction (MI). Pulmonary structural remodelling in patients with HF may protect against oedema while causing dyspnoea, the predominant symptom associated with HF. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes in HF are poorly understood. We hypothesised that pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) following MI provides a mechanical stimulus for structural remodelling of the lung via monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). METHODS: Human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) and Ea.Hy 926 cells exposed to cyclic mechanical strain (CMS) in vitro were analysed for MCP-1 expression and activation of signalling intermediates. HF was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats 16 weeks after MI; a cohort was rescued with AAV9.SERCA2a gene therapy to reduce PVH. RESULTS: HLMVEC and Ea.Hy 926 cells exposed to CMS upregulated MCP-1 gene expression and protein release in an extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 dependent manner. Supernatants from these experiments stimulated fibroblast (human fetal lung fibroblast -1) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Total lung collagen, a marker of structural remodelling, and MCP-1 gene expression were increased in the lungs of rats with post-MI HF. SERCA2a gene therapy that attenuated PVH after MI was associated with lower levels of lung collagen and MCP-1 gene expression in the lung. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical strain associated with PVH may stimulate pulmonary structural remodelling through ERK 1/2 dependent induction of MCP-1. These findings provide insights into the pathophysiology of lung remodelling in HF and highlight novel, potential therapeutic targets. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
INTRODUCTION: The burden of chronic heart failure (HF) is rising owing to an increased survivorship after myocardial infarction (MI). Pulmonary structural remodelling in patients with HF may protect against oedema while causing dyspnoea, the predominant symptom associated with HF. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes in HF are poorly understood. We hypothesised that pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) following MI provides a mechanical stimulus for structural remodelling of the lung via monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). METHODS: Human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) and Ea.Hy 926 cells exposed to cyclic mechanical strain (CMS) in vitro were analysed for MCP-1 expression and activation of signalling intermediates. HF was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats 16 weeks after MI; a cohort was rescued with AAV9.SERCA2a gene therapy to reduce PVH. RESULTS: HLMVEC and Ea.Hy 926 cells exposed to CMS upregulated MCP-1 gene expression and protein release in an extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 dependent manner. Supernatants from these experiments stimulated fibroblast (human fetal lung fibroblast -1) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Total lung collagen, a marker of structural remodelling, and MCP-1 gene expression were increased in the lungs of rats with post-MI HF. SERCA2a gene therapy that attenuated PVH after MI was associated with lower levels of lung collagen and MCP-1 gene expression in the lung. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical strain associated with PVH may stimulate pulmonary structural remodelling through ERK 1/2 dependent induction of MCP-1. These findings provide insights into the pathophysiology of lung remodelling in HF and highlight novel, potential therapeutic targets. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
Entities:
Keywords:
Pulmonary oedema; Systemic disease and lungs
Authors: Kristina M Adams Waldorf; Natasha Singh; Aarthi R Mohan; Roger C Young; Lisa Ngo; Ananya Das; Jesse Tsai; Aasthaa Bansal; Louis Paolella; Bronwen R Herbert; Suren R Sooranna; G Michael Gough; Cliff Astley; Keith Vogel; Audrey E Baldessari; Theodor K Bammler; James MacDonald; Michael G Gravett; Lakshmi Rajagopal; Mark R Johnson Journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol Date: 2015-08-15 Impact factor: 8.661