miRNA and piRNA mediated Akt pathway in heart: antisense expands to survive.

The Akt signalling pathway is a crucial network of proteins, which plays a role in neonatal cellular proliferation, hypertrophy and cellular survival mechanism in the heart through a multifaceted system including, small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs). Despite numerous reports on the distorted expression of these proteins in various cardiovascular diseases, this review focuses on the role of miRNA and piRNA in altering Akt signalling. Nevertheless the role of these sncRNAs in the Akt pathway needs to be studied in detail, there are evidence indicating that they can play a vital function in Akt-mediated cardiac survival. Recent reports indicate that, modification of such miRNA/piRNA causes alteration in the Akt pathway during both physiology and pathology. Therefore, understanding the antisense mediated molecular mechanisms of Akt pathway can devise a new vision towards biomarkers and therapeutic approaches to various cardiovascular diseases.