Renal fibromuscular dysplasia.

Renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia is a noninflammatory, nonatherosclerotic vasculopathy that can affect renal arteries at various degrees with different severity. The etiology is still unknown, but there is a strong belief that a genetic disorder is the main cause for the pathogenesis of this disease. The main presentation is a sudden onset of recalcitrant hypertension at a young age, which is usually resistant to medical treatment. Once renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia is suspected, several diagnostic tools are available to make an accurate diagnosis. The advent of minimally invasive interventions has revolutionized the options for treatment. This update should provide the clinician with a base understanding of available evidence for diagnosing and treating renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia.