AIMS: To examine the role of national wealth in the association between family affluence and adolescent weekly smoking, early smoking behaviour and weekly smoking among former experimenters. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were used from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2005/2006 in 35 countries from Europe and North America that comprises 60 490 students aged 15 years. Multi-level logistic regression was conducted using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods (MCMC) to explore whether associations between family affluence and smoking outcomes were dependent upon national wealth. MEASUREMENT: Family Affluence Scale (FAS) as an indicator for the socio-economic position of students. Current weekly smoking behaviour is defined as at least weekly smoking (dichotomous). Early smoking behaviour is measured by smoking more than a first puff before age 13 years (dichotomous). Weekly smoking among former experimenters is restricted to those who had tried a first puff in the past. FINDINGS: The logistic multi-level models indicated an association of family affluence with current weekly smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.088; 95% credible interval (CrI) = 1.055-1.121, P < 0.001], early smoking behaviour (OR = 1.066; CrI = 1.028-1.104, P < 0.001) and smoking among former experimenters (OR = 1.100; CrI = 1.071-1.130; P < 0.001). Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was associated positively and significantly with the relationship between family affluence and current weekly smoking (OR = 1.005; CrI = 1.003-1.007; P < 0.001), early smoking behaviour (OR = 1.003; CrI = 1.000-1.005; P = 0.012) and smoking among former experimenters (OR = 1.004; CrI = 1.002-1.006; P < 0.001). The association of family affluence and smoking outcomes was significantly stronger for girls. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in smoking prevalence between rich and poor is greater in more affluent countries.
AIMS: To examine the role of national wealth in the association between family affluence and adolescent weekly smoking, early smoking behaviour and weekly smoking among former experimenters. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were used from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2005/2006 in 35 countries from Europe and North America that comprises 60 490 students aged 15 years. Multi-level logistic regression was conducted using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods (MCMC) to explore whether associations between family affluence and smoking outcomes were dependent upon national wealth. MEASUREMENT: Family Affluence Scale (FAS) as an indicator for the socio-economic position of students. Current weekly smoking behaviour is defined as at least weekly smoking (dichotomous). Early smoking behaviour is measured by smoking more than a first puff before age 13 years (dichotomous). Weekly smoking among former experimenters is restricted to those who had tried a first puff in the past. FINDINGS: The logistic multi-level models indicated an association of family affluence with current weekly smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.088; 95% credible interval (CrI) = 1.055-1.121, P < 0.001], early smoking behaviour (OR = 1.066; CrI = 1.028-1.104, P < 0.001) and smoking among former experimenters (OR = 1.100; CrI = 1.071-1.130; P < 0.001). Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was associated positively and significantly with the relationship between family affluence and current weekly smoking (OR = 1.005; CrI = 1.003-1.007; P < 0.001), early smoking behaviour (OR = 1.003; CrI = 1.000-1.005; P = 0.012) and smoking among former experimenters (OR = 1.004; CrI = 1.002-1.006; P < 0.001). The association of family affluence and smoking outcomes was significantly stronger for girls. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in smoking prevalence between rich and poor is greater in more affluent countries.
Authors: Timo-Kolja Pförtner; Bart De Clercq; Michela Lenzi; Alessio Vieno; Katharina Rathmann; Irene Moor; Anne Hublet; Michal Molcho; Anton E Kunst; Matthias Richter Journal: Int J Public Health Date: 2015-09-04 Impact factor: 3.380
Authors: Joanna Mazur; Izabela Tabak; Anna Dzielska; Krzysztof Wąż; Anna Oblacińska Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2016-12-21 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Coskun Oztekin; Mehak Batra; Shady Abdelsalam; Tijen Sengezer; Adem Ozkara; Bircan Erbas Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-04-02 Impact factor: 3.390