T Hattori1, S Orimo, M Hallett, T Wu, A Inaba, R Azuma, H Mizusawa. 1. Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Kanto Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisystem neurodegenerative disease. We aimed to identify the relationship and factor structure among its different features. MATERIALS & METHODS: Motor, olfactory and cognitive function, and cardiac sympathetic denervation were evaluated in 125 patients with PD using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III score, odor stick identification test for the Japanese (OSIT-J), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and [(123) I] meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac scintigraphy (heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratio). Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to evaluate the association among the four measures with age, gender, and disease duration as the covariates. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the underlying factor structure among the measures and covariates. RESULTS: Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis showed correlations between OSIT-J score and MIBG H/M ratio, OSIT-J and MMSE scores, UPDRS part III score and MIBG H/M ratio, UPDRS part III score and disease duration, and MMSE score and age. Factor analysis identified three factors: (i) age and MMSE score; (ii) MIBG H/M ratio and OSIT-J score; and (iii) UPDRS part III score and disease duration. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that aging, PD-related pathogenesis, and disease duration underlie the multisystem neurodegeneration present in PD. Moreover, age and disease duration are the major risk factors for cognitive impairment and motor symptoms, respectively. Olfactory impairment and cardiac sympathetic denervation are strongly associated in PD.
OBJECTIVES:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisystem neurodegenerative disease. We aimed to identify the relationship and factor structure among its different features. MATERIALS & METHODS: Motor, olfactory and cognitive function, and cardiac sympathetic denervation were evaluated in 125 patients with PD using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III score, odor stick identification test for the Japanese (OSIT-J), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and [(123) I] meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac scintigraphy (heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratio). Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to evaluate the association among the four measures with age, gender, and disease duration as the covariates. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the underlying factor structure among the measures and covariates. RESULTS: Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis showed correlations between OSIT-J score and MIBG H/M ratio, OSIT-J and MMSE scores, UPDRS part III score and MIBG H/M ratio, UPDRS part III score and disease duration, and MMSE score and age. Factor analysis identified three factors: (i) age and MMSE score; (ii) MIBG H/M ratio and OSIT-J score; and (iii) UPDRS part III score and disease duration. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that aging, PD-related pathogenesis, and disease duration underlie the multisystem neurodegeneration present in PD. Moreover, age and disease duration are the major risk factors for cognitive impairment and motor symptoms, respectively. Olfactory impairment and cardiac sympathetic denervation are strongly associated in PD.
Authors: Nicolaas I Bohnen; Martijn L T M Müller; Vikas Kotagal; Robert A Koeppe; Michael A Kilbourn; Roger L Albin; Kirk A Frey Journal: Brain Date: 2010-04-22 Impact factor: 13.501
Authors: Laura Silveira-Moriyama; Janice L Holton; Ann Kingsbury; Hilary Ayling; Aviva Petrie; William Sterlacci; Werner Poewe; Hans Maier; Andrew J Lees; Tamas Revesz Journal: Neurosci Lett Date: 2009-02-10 Impact factor: 3.046