Molecular pathophysiology of metabolic effects of antipsychotic medications.

Antipsychotic medications are associated with major metabolic changes that contribute to medical morbidity and a significantly shortened life span. The mechanisms for these changes provide us with a broader understanding of central nervous and peripheral organ-mediated metabolic regulation. This paper reviews an extensive literature regarding putative mechanisms for effects of antipsychotic medications on weight regulation and glucose homeostasis as well as potential inherent metabolic risks of schizophrenia itself. We present a model suggesting that peripheral antipsychotic targets play a critical role in drug-induced weight gain and diabetes. We propose that a better understanding of these mechanisms will be crucial to developing improved treatments for serious mental illnesses as well as providing potentially novel therapeutic targets of metabolic disorders including diabetes.