Junyao Li1, Ming Yang2, Ping Li3, Zhenzhong Su1, Peng Gao1, Jie Zhang4. 1. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China. 2. Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2230, Australia. 3. Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China. 4. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China. Email: doctorzhangj@sina.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To review the studies investigating the increased risk of lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). DATA SOURCES: Data cited in this review were obtained mainly from PubMed and Medline from 1999 to 2013 and highly regarded older publications were also included. STUDY SELECTION: We identified, retrieved and reviewed the information on the frequency, risk factors, anatomical features, histological types, clinical manifestations, computed tomography findings and underlying mechanisms of lung cancer in IPF patients. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of lung cancer in patients with IPF (4.8% to 48%) are much higher than patients without IPF (2.0% to 6.4%). The risk factors for lung cancer in IPF include smoking, male gender, and age. Lung cancers often occur in the peripheral lung zones where fibrotic changes are predominant. Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common types of lung cancer in patients with IPF. Radiologic features of these patients include peripherally located, ill-defined mass mimicking air-space disease. The underlying mechanisms of the development of lung cancer in patients with IPF have not been fully understood, but may include the inflammatory response, epithelial injury and/or abnormalities, aberrant fibroblast proliferation, epigenetic and genetic changes, reduced cell-to-cell communication, and activation of specific signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that IPF is associated with increased lung cancer risk. It is necessary to raise the awareness of lung cancer risk in IPF patients among physicians and patients.
OBJECTIVE: To review the studies investigating the increased risk of lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). DATA SOURCES: Data cited in this review were obtained mainly from PubMed and Medline from 1999 to 2013 and highly regarded older publications were also included. STUDY SELECTION: We identified, retrieved and reviewed the information on the frequency, risk factors, anatomical features, histological types, clinical manifestations, computed tomography findings and underlying mechanisms of lung cancer in IPF patients. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of lung cancer in patients with IPF (4.8% to 48%) are much higher than patients without IPF (2.0% to 6.4%). The risk factors for lung cancer in IPF include smoking, male gender, and age. Lung cancers often occur in the peripheral lung zones where fibrotic changes are predominant. Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common types of lung cancer in patients with IPF. Radiologic features of these patients include peripherally located, ill-defined mass mimicking air-space disease. The underlying mechanisms of the development of lung cancer in patients with IPF have not been fully understood, but may include the inflammatory response, epithelial injury and/or abnormalities, aberrant fibroblast proliferation, epigenetic and genetic changes, reduced cell-to-cell communication, and activation of specific signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that IPF is associated with increased lung cancer risk. It is necessary to raise the awareness of lung cancer risk in IPF patients among physicians and patients.
Authors: Anisha M Hammer; Gina M Sizemore; Vasudha C Shukla; Alex Avendano; Steven T Sizemore; Jonathan J Chang; Raleigh D Kladney; Maria C Cuitiño; Katie A Thies; Quinn Verfurth; Arnab Chakravarti; Lisa D Yee; Gustavo Leone; Jonathan W Song; Samir N Ghadiali; Michael C Ostrowski Journal: Neoplasia Date: 2017-05-11 Impact factor: 5.715
Authors: Aditi Mehta; Julio Cordero; Stephanie Dobersch; Addi J Romero-Olmedo; Rajkumar Savai; Johannes Bodner; Cho-Ming Chao; Ludger Fink; Ernesto Guzmán-Díaz; Indrabahadur Singh; Gergana Dobreva; Ulf R Rapp; Stefan Günther; Olga N Ilinskaya; Saverio Bellusci; Reinhard H Dammann; Thomas Braun; Werner Seeger; Stefan Gattenlöhner; Achim Tresch; Andreas Günther; Guillermo Barreto Journal: EMBO Mol Med Date: 2016-12-01 Impact factor: 12.137