Neurofibromatosis in childhood: neuropsychological aspects.

Neurological findings, difficulties in reading and writing, and behavior disturbances in 27 children with neurofibromatosis were analyzed. Neurological symptoms such as seizures and motor disturbances were found in 37%. Tumors, mainly optic gliomas, and arachnoidal cysts were seen by computerized tomography in 26%. There was an overall functioning within the average range of intelligence; obvious mental deficiency, however, was found in 11%. Difficulties in reading and writing were present in 41%, and 47% had a school performance below average. Behavior disturbances outside the normal range were present in 28% which is significantly more frequent than in children of a normal population. The high rate of school problems and behavior disturbances indicates that early diagnosis and early counseling concerning behavior treatment and special school education are important issues in the care for children with neurofibromatosis.