The subtalar joint: biomechanics and functional representations in the literature.

The subtalar joint is important for gait and function of the foot and ankle. With few external landmarks, the joint is difficult to conceptualize and study in vivo. There have been several functional representations put forth in the literature which can be combined to give a broader understanding of the overall function and mechanics of the subtalar joint. This understanding is clinically important when considering the impact that disease has on the subtalar joint as well as how treatment of the subtalar joint impacts on the surrounding structures.