Immunological in vivo effects of B7-H1 deficiency.

B7-H1 regulatory protein, a member of the B7-H family, plays a crucial role in the modulation of immune response in healthy steady-state conditions as well as in different pathologies. B7-H1 knockout mice represent an important model to elucidate further molecular and cellular mechanisms involved, among others, in autoimmunity development and cancer progression. However, a deep immunologic characterization of this model is not complete yet. This study examined the role of B7-H1 in vivo further by direct comparison of specifically phenotyped spleen immune-cell subpopulations and their activation and naïve/memory state as well as cytokine profile in wild-type and B7-H1 knockout mice. Our results demonstrated that B7-H1 deficiency in vivo modulates several immunological parameters, including the amount and composition of Gr1(+)CD11b(+) myeloid population, the composition and activation state of the DC compartment, the frequency and status of NK and NKT cells, B-cells, naïve/memory state of CD8 T-cells and production of IL-2 and IL-10 cytokines. Moreover, we observed an increase in the PD-1 expression in the immune cells in B7-H1 knockout mice compared to the wild-type animals. Valuing the importance of B7-H1 knockout mice for their use in disease models, these data underline the role of B7-H1 in vivo also in healthy state and should be taken into account in future studies on this immunosuppressive molecule.