Jessica Holzer1, Maureen Canavan2, Elizabeth Bradley3. 1. Dr. Holzer was a postdoctoral fellow, Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., when this article was written. She now is an assistant professor, Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, N.Y. Address correspondence to Dr. Holzer at 435 E. Market St., Floor 2, Long Beach, N.Y. 11561, e-mail jholzer@gmail.com. 2. Dr. Canavan is an associate research scientist, Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Conn. 3. Dr. Bradley is a professor, Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Conn., and is the executive director, Global Health Leadership Institute, Yale School of Public Health.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Investigators of previous studies regarding the correlation between area-level health care resources and obesity have not examined the association between the prevalence of dentists and rates of adult obesity. The authors conducted a study to address that knowledge gap. METHODS: Using data compiled in the Robert Wood Johnson County Health Rankings and Roadmaps database, the authors conducted multivariable analyses of the relationship between the prevalence of dentists (from the 2011 Health Resources and Services Administration Area Resource File) and rates of obesity within counties. The authors controlled for prevalence of primary care providers, measures of the built environment (for example, number of recreational facilities per 10,000 population, the percentage of restaurants serving fast food) and county-level sociodemographic and economic factors. RESULTS: When the authors conducted a multivariable analysis adjusted for state-level fixed effects, they found that having one additional dentist per 10,000 population was associated significantly with a 1-percentage point reduction in the rate of obesity (P < .001). This effect was significantly larger in counties in which 25 percent of children or more (versus less than 25 percent of children) lived in poverty and in counties that had more primary care physicians per 10,000 population (P ≤ .009). CONCLUSIONS: The association between the prevalence of dentists and obesity, even after adjusting for primary care resources and sociodemographic factors, was evident. Although these data could not be used to assess causality, given the strength of the ecological, cross-sectional association, additional research involving person-level, longitudinal data is warranted. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The correlation between the prevalence of dentists and obesity rates highlights the potential for dental professionals, as well as other primary care providers, to provide meaningful health education and support for improved nutritional behaviors, although the increased obesity rates in counties with fewer dentists per capita present challenges.
BACKGROUND: Investigators of previous studies regarding the correlation between area-level health care resources and obesity have not examined the association between the prevalence of dentists and rates of adult obesity. The authors conducted a study to address that knowledge gap. METHODS: Using data compiled in the Robert Wood Johnson County Health Rankings and Roadmaps database, the authors conducted multivariable analyses of the relationship between the prevalence of dentists (from the 2011 Health Resources and Services Administration Area Resource File) and rates of obesity within counties. The authors controlled for prevalence of primary care providers, measures of the built environment (for example, number of recreational facilities per 10,000 population, the percentage of restaurants serving fast food) and county-level sociodemographic and economic factors. RESULTS: When the authors conducted a multivariable analysis adjusted for state-level fixed effects, they found that having one additional dentist per 10,000 population was associated significantly with a 1-percentage point reduction in the rate of obesity (P < .001). This effect was significantly larger in counties in which 25 percent of children or more (versus less than 25 percent of children) lived in poverty and in counties that had more primary care physicians per 10,000 population (P ≤ .009). CONCLUSIONS: The association between the prevalence of dentists and obesity, even after adjusting for primary care resources and sociodemographic factors, was evident. Although these data could not be used to assess causality, given the strength of the ecological, cross-sectional association, additional research involving person-level, longitudinal data is warranted. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The correlation between the prevalence of dentists and obesity rates highlights the potential for dental professionals, as well as other primary care providers, to provide meaningful health education and support for improved nutritional behaviors, although the increased obesity rates in counties with fewer dentists per capita present challenges.
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Keywords:
Dentists; counties; determinants of health; obesity; poverty