Aqueous biphasic system based on low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol for one-step separation of crude polysaccharides from Pericarpium granati using high-speed countercurrent chromatography.

The aqueous biphasic system (ABS) plays a key role in the separation of bioactive substances, and the establishment and application of a low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) ABS remains a challenge in high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). In this work, an ABS of low-molecular-weight PEG, namely PEG400-Na2SO4-H2O (20%-16%-64%, w/w/w), was developed on the basis of the phase diagram, and the phase forming time and ratio, and applied to HSCCC for the separation of polysaccharides. The crude polysaccharide extracted from Pericarpium granati (PGP) was successfully separated and three purified polysaccharides were obtained: PGP-1, with an average molecular weight of 13,210Da and composed of xylose (12.4%), ribose (10.1%), and glucose (77.5%); PGP-2, which is a homogeneous polysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 2584Da and consists of mannose; and PGP-3, with an average molecular weight of 2459Da and composed of ribose (51.4%), mannose (26.7%), and glucose (21.9%). This success shows that an ABS based on low-molecular-weight PEG could be applied to HSCCC separation technology.