Lazar Stijak1, Marko Kadija2, Vuk Djulejić3, Milan Aksić4, Nataša Petronijević5, Dubravka Aleksić6, Vidosava Radonjić7, Marko Bumbaširević8, Branislav Filipović9. 1. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. lazar.stijak@gmail.com. 2. Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. kadija.marko@gmail.com. 3. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. drwolfy@yahoo.com. 4. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. milanaksic@yahoo.com. 5. Institute of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. natasapetronijevic@yahoo.com. 6. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. dubravkaaleksic@yahoo.com. 7. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. radonjicv@gmail.com. 8. Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. marko.bumbasirevic@gmail.com. 9. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia. filipovic.branislav@gmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in the concentrations of testosterone, 17-β estradiol and progesterone between male patients with and without ACL rupture, as well as the possible effect of these hormones on generalized joint laxity. METHODS: Male subjects with non-contact knee joint injury were included in this study. Two groups were formed: the examined group, consisting of subjects with ACL rupture and the control group consisting of patients without ACL rupture. After this, the patients from these two groups were paired off on the basis of three factors, level of professional involvement in sports (including the type of sports activity), left or right side of the body and the age of the subjects. In the end, there were 29 pairs (58 subjects). The concentration of sex hormones was determined from saliva specimens with the aid of the Salimetrics enzyme immunoassay. The testing of generalized joint laxity was performed with the aid of the "laxity score" according to Beighton et al. RESULTS: Subjects with ACL rupture have highly statistically significantly greater concentrations of testosterone (p < 0.01), statistically significantly greater concentrations of 17-β estradiol (p < 0.05), and a highly statistically significantly greater generalized joint laxity score than subjects with an intact ACL (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Increased concentrations of testosterone or 17-β estradiol may be a risk factor leading to ACL rupture. Also, generalized joint laxity may be a factor leading to ACL rupture, but none of the monitored hormones can be set down as the cause of its existence. Young male athletes with higher concentrations of testosterone and greater hyperelasticity should plan preventive programs of physiotherapy for ACL preservation since they present a vulnerable group susceptible to ACL rupture. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, Level II.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in the concentrations of testosterone, 17-β estradiol and progesterone between male patients with and without ACL rupture, as well as the possible effect of these hormones on generalized joint laxity. METHODS: Male subjects with non-contact knee joint injury were included in this study. Two groups were formed: the examined group, consisting of subjects with ACL rupture and the control group consisting of patients without ACL rupture. After this, the patients from these two groups were paired off on the basis of three factors, level of professional involvement in sports (including the type of sports activity), left or right side of the body and the age of the subjects. In the end, there were 29 pairs (58 subjects). The concentration of sex hormones was determined from saliva specimens with the aid of the Salimetrics enzyme immunoassay. The testing of generalized joint laxity was performed with the aid of the "laxity score" according to Beighton et al. RESULTS: Subjects with ACL rupture have highly statistically significantly greater concentrations of testosterone (p < 0.01), statistically significantly greater concentrations of 17-β estradiol (p < 0.05), and a highly statistically significantly greater generalized joint laxity score than subjects with an intact ACL (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Increased concentrations of testosterone or 17-β estradiol may be a risk factor leading to ACL rupture. Also, generalized joint laxity may be a factor leading to ACL rupture, but none of the monitored hormones can be set down as the cause of its existence. Young male athletes with higher concentrations of testosterone and greater hyperelasticity should plan preventive programs of physiotherapy for ACL preservation since they present a vulnerable group susceptible to ACL rupture. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, Level II.
Authors: S H Liu; R al-Shaikh; V Panossian; R S Yang; S D Nelson; N Soleiman; G A Finerman; J M Lane Journal: J Orthop Res Date: 1996-07 Impact factor: 3.494
Authors: David R Bell; J Troy Blackburn; Marc F Norcross; Kristin S Ondrak; Jeffery D Hudson; A C Hackney; Darin A Padua Journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Date: 2011-06-22 Impact factor: 4.342
Authors: David Sundemo; Eric Hamrin Senorski; Louise Karlsson; Alexandra Horvath; Birgit Juul-Kristensen; Jon Karlsson; Olufemi R Ayeni; Kristian Samuelsson Journal: BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med Date: 2019-11-10
Authors: Imke Rudnik-Jansen; Anna R Tellegen; Behdad Pouran; Karin Schrijver; Björn P Meij; Pieter J Emans; Erin de Gendt; Rachel E Thomas; Marja J L Kik; Huub M de Visser; Harrie Weinans; Annelies Egas; Erik van Maarseveen; Nina Woike; George Mihov; Jens Thies; Marianna A Tryfonidou; Laura B Creemers Journal: Br J Pharmacol Date: 2019-10-08 Impact factor: 8.739