AIMS: It still remains unclear whether psychopathological abnormalities described in human 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine users (MDMA users) and d-amphetamine users (AMPH users) existed before the beginning of regular use or if they develop with ongoing use. OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted in order to assess this relationship and to overcome previous methodological shortcomings. METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study in 96 beginning MDMA and d-amphetamine users between 2006 and 2011 with a follow-up duration of 24 months. In order to explore the impact of MDMA and AMPH use on self-reported psychopathology (measured by the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised), mixed models for repeated measures were fitted. In order to examine the impact of previous psychopathology on subsequent use, partial correlation analyses and linear regression analyses were applied. RESULTS: Over the course of the 2-year follow-up period, 31 subjects used neither MDMA nor AMPH (non-users); 65 subjects used both MDMA and AMPH: 37 subjects used between 1 and 14 tablets of MDMA and 28 subjects used 15 or more tablets of MDMA. Thirty-three subjects used between 1 and 14 g of AMPH, and 32 subjects used 15 g or more. No associations concerning MDMA/AMPH use and development of self-reported psychopathology were found. However, there was a significant relationship between globally increased self-reported psychopathology-particularly psychoticism-at the beginning of the study and subsequent AMPH use. CONCLUSIONS: The data of the present study suggest that a certain psychopathological profile could form a risk factor for later use of amphetamines.
AIMS: It still remains unclear whether psychopathological abnormalities described in human3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine users (MDMA users) and d-amphetamine users (AMPH users) existed before the beginning of regular use or if they develop with ongoing use. OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted in order to assess this relationship and to overcome previous methodological shortcomings. METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study in 96 beginning MDMA and d-amphetamine users between 2006 and 2011 with a follow-up duration of 24 months. In order to explore the impact of MDMA and AMPH use on self-reported psychopathology (measured by the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised), mixed models for repeated measures were fitted. In order to examine the impact of previous psychopathology on subsequent use, partial correlation analyses and linear regression analyses were applied. RESULTS: Over the course of the 2-year follow-up period, 31 subjects used neither MDMA nor AMPH (non-users); 65 subjects used both MDMA and AMPH: 37 subjects used between 1 and 14 tablets of MDMA and 28 subjects used 15 or more tablets of MDMA. Thirty-three subjects used between 1 and 14 g of AMPH, and 32 subjects used 15 g or more. No associations concerning MDMA/AMPH use and development of self-reported psychopathology were found. However, there was a significant relationship between globally increased self-reported psychopathology-particularly psychoticism-at the beginning of the study and subsequent AMPH use. CONCLUSIONS: The data of the present study suggest that a certain psychopathological profile could form a risk factor for later use of amphetamines.
Authors: Louisa Degenhardt; Chris Tennant; Stuart Gilmour; David Schofield; Louise Nash; Wayne Hall; Diana McKay Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2007-02-09 Impact factor: 7.723
Authors: R Thomasius; K Petersen; R Buchert; B Andresen; P Zapletalova; L Wartberg; B Nebeling; A Schmoldt Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl) Date: 2003-03-11 Impact factor: 4.530
Authors: Kristin Feltmann; Tobias H Elgán; Anna K Strandberg; Pia Kvillemo; Nitya Jayaram-Lindström; Meryem Grabski; Jon Waldron; Tom Freeman; Helen Valerie Curran; Johanna Gripenberg Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-04-30 Impact factor: 3.390