Praful Ravi1, Pierre I Karakiewicz2, Florian Roghmann3, Giorgio Gandaglia2, Toni K Choueiri4, Mani Menon5, Rana R McKay4, Paul L Nguyen6, Jesse D Sammon5, Shyam Sukumar7, Briony Varda8, Steven L Chang8, Adam S Kibel8, Maxine Sun2, Quoc-Dien Trinh9. 1. Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK. Electronic address: prafulravi1987@gmail.com. 2. Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada. 3. Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, Canada; Department of Urology, Ruhr University Bochum, Marienhospital, Herne, Germany. 4. Department of Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 5. Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI. 6. Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 7. Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. 8. Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 9. Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the burden of mental health issues (MHI), namely anxiety, depressive disorders, and suicide, in a population-based cohort of older men with localized prostate cancer and to evaluate associations with primary treatment modality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 50,856 men, who were 65 years of age or older with clinically localized prostate cancer diagnosed between 1992 and 2005 and without a diagnosis of mental illness at baseline, were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database. The primary outcome of interest was the development of MHI (anxiety, major depressive disorder, depressive disorder not elsewhere classified, neurotic depression, adjustment disorder with depressed mood, and suicide) after the diagnosis of prostate cancer. RESULTS: A total of 10,389 men (20.4%) developed MHI during the study period. Independent risk factors for MHI included age ≥ 75 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.29); higher comorbidity (Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 3, HR = 1.63); rural hospital location (HR = 1.14); being single, divorced, or widowed (HR = 1.12); later year of diagnosis (HR = 1.05); and urinary incontinence (HR = 1.47). Black race (HR = 0.79), very high-income status (HR = 0.87), and definitive treatment (radical prostatectomy [RP], HR = 0.79; radiotherapy [RT], HR= 0.85, all P<0.001) predicted a lower risk of MHI. The rates of MHI at 10 years were 29.7%, 29.0%, and 22.6% in men undergoing watchful waiting (WW), RT, and RP, respectively. CONCLUSION: Older men with localized prostate cancer had a significant burden of MHI. Men treated with RP or RT were at a lower risk of developing MHI, compared with those undergoing WW, with median time to development of MHI being significantly greater in those undergoing RP compared with those undergoing RT or WW.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the burden of mental health issues (MHI), namely anxiety, depressive disorders, and suicide, in a population-based cohort of older men with localized prostate cancer and to evaluate associations with primary treatment modality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 50,856 men, who were 65 years of age or older with clinically localized prostate cancer diagnosed between 1992 and 2005 and without a diagnosis of mental illness at baseline, were abstracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database. The primary outcome of interest was the development of MHI (anxiety, major depressive disorder, depressive disorder not elsewhere classified, neurotic depression, adjustment disorder with depressed mood, and suicide) after the diagnosis of prostate cancer. RESULTS: A total of 10,389 men (20.4%) developed MHI during the study period. Independent risk factors for MHI included age ≥ 75 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.29); higher comorbidity (Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 3, HR = 1.63); rural hospital location (HR = 1.14); being single, divorced, or widowed (HR = 1.12); later year of diagnosis (HR = 1.05); and urinary incontinence (HR = 1.47). Black race (HR = 0.79), very high-income status (HR = 0.87), and definitive treatment (radical prostatectomy [RP], HR = 0.79; radiotherapy [RT], HR= 0.85, all P<0.001) predicted a lower risk of MHI. The rates of MHI at 10 years were 29.7%, 29.0%, and 22.6% in men undergoing watchful waiting (WW), RT, and RP, respectively. CONCLUSION: Older men with localized prostate cancer had a significant burden of MHI. Men treated with RP or RT were at a lower risk of developing MHI, compared with those undergoing WW, with median time to development of MHI being significantly greater in those undergoing RP compared with those undergoing RT or WW.
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