Rosa S Djajadiningrat1, Ekaterina S Jordanova2, Bin K Kroon1, Erik van Werkhoven3, Jeroen de Jong4, Divera T M Pronk5, Peter J F Snijders5, Simon Horenblas6, Daniëlle A M Heideman5. 1. Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 2. Centre for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 6. Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.horenblas@nki.nl.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The incidence of penile cancer is increasing, and is suggested to be explained by changes in sexual practice and increased exposure of men to sexually transmitted high risk human papillomavirus infection. In penile cancers from a Dutch population treated in 1963 to 2001 we found a high risk human papillomavirus prevalence of about 30%. In this study we assessed the prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus-DNA in a more recent, contemporary penile cancer cohort and its association with patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High risk human papillomavirus-DNA presence was assessed by GP5+6+ polymerase chain reaction in 212 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded invasive penile tumor specimens of patients treated between 2001 and 2009. The 5-year disease specific survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log rank test and Cox regression. RESULTS: High risk human papillomavirus-DNA was detected in a subset of penile cancer cases (25%, 95% CI 19-31). HPV16 was the predominant type, representing 79% (42 of 53) of all high risk human papillomavirus infections. The 5-year disease specific survival in the high risk human papillomavirus negative group and the high risk human papillomavirus positive group was 82% and 96%, respectively (log rank test p=0.016). Adjusted for stage, grade, lymphovascular invasion and age, human papillomavirus status was still prognostic for disease specific survival (p=0.030) with a hazard ratio of 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.9). CONCLUSIONS: High risk human papillomavirus-DNA was observed in a quarter of penile cancer cases. No relevant increase in high risk human papillomavirus prevalence in recent decades was observed. The presence of high risk human papillomavirus-DNA in penile cancer confers a survival advantage.
PURPOSE: The incidence of penile cancer is increasing, and is suggested to be explained by changes in sexual practice and increased exposure of men to sexually transmitted high risk human papillomavirus infection. In penile cancers from a Dutch population treated in 1963 to 2001 we found a high risk human papillomavirus prevalence of about 30%. In this study we assessed the prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus-DNA in a more recent, contemporary penile cancer cohort and its association with patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High risk human papillomavirus-DNA presence was assessed by GP5+6+ polymerase chain reaction in 212 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded invasive penile tumor specimens of patients treated between 2001 and 2009. The 5-year disease specific survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log rank test and Cox regression. RESULTS: High risk human papillomavirus-DNA was detected in a subset of penile cancer cases (25%, 95% CI 19-31). HPV16 was the predominant type, representing 79% (42 of 53) of all high risk human papillomavirus infections. The 5-year disease specific survival in the high risk human papillomavirus negative group and the high risk human papillomavirus positive group was 82% and 96%, respectively (log rank test p=0.016). Adjusted for stage, grade, lymphovascular invasion and age, human papillomavirus status was still prognostic for disease specific survival (p=0.030) with a hazard ratio of 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.9). CONCLUSIONS: High risk human papillomavirus-DNA was observed in a quarter of penile cancer cases. No relevant increase in high risk human papillomavirus prevalence in recent decades was observed. The presence of high risk human papillomavirus-DNA in penile cancer confers a survival advantage.
Authors: Staci L Sudenga; Donna J Ingles; Christine M Pierce Campbell; Hui-Yi Lin; William J Fulp; Jane L Messina; Mark H Stoler; Martha Abrahamsen; Luisa L Villa; Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce; Anna R Giuliano Journal: Eur Urol Date: 2015-06-06 Impact factor: 20.096
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Authors: Staci L Sudenga; B Nelson Torres; William J Fulp; Roberto Silva; Luisa L Villa; Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce; Donna J Ingles; Mark Stoler; Jane L Messina; Martha Abrahamsen; Maria Luiza Baggio; Jorge Salmeron; Manuel Quiterio; Anna R Giuliano Journal: Int J Cancer Date: 2016-10-20 Impact factor: 7.396
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