BACKGROUND: Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal widely distributed throughout the environment as a result of contamination from a variety of sources. It exerts toxic effects in many tissues but scarce data are present as yet on potential effects on skeletal muscle tissue. AIM: To evaluate the potential alteration induced by Cd in skeletal muscle cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C2C12 skeletal muscle cells were treated with Cd at different times of cellular differentiation and gene expression was evaluated. RESULTS: Exposure to Cd decreased significantly p21 mRNA expression and strongly up-regulated cyclin D1 mRNA expression in committed cells and in differentiated myotubes. Moreover, myogenin, fast MyHC-IIb and slow MyHC-I mRNAs expression were also significantly decreased both in committed cells and in myotubes. Moreover, Cd exposure induced a strong increase of Pax3, Pax7 and Myf5 mRNAs expression and stimulated an up-regulation of IL6 and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION: These data lead to hypothesize that environmental Cd exposure might trigger an injury-like event in muscle tissue, possibly by an estrogen receptor-mediated mechanism.
BACKGROUND:Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal widely distributed throughout the environment as a result of contamination from a variety of sources. It exerts toxic effects in many tissues but scarce data are present as yet on potential effects on skeletal muscle tissue. AIM: To evaluate the potential alteration induced by Cd in skeletal muscle cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C2C12 skeletal muscle cells were treated with Cd at different times of cellular differentiation and gene expression was evaluated. RESULTS: Exposure to Cd decreased significantly p21 mRNA expression and strongly up-regulated cyclin D1 mRNA expression in committed cells and in differentiated myotubes. Moreover, myogenin, fast MyHC-IIb and slow MyHC-I mRNAs expression were also significantly decreased both in committed cells and in myotubes. Moreover, Cd exposure induced a strong increase of Pax3, Pax7 and Myf5 mRNAs expression and stimulated an up-regulation of IL6 and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION: These data lead to hypothesize that environmental Cd exposure might trigger an injury-like event in muscle tissue, possibly by an estrogen receptor-mediated mechanism.
Authors: Paula H A Ronkainen; Vuokko Kovanen; Markku Alén; Eija Pöllänen; Eeva-Maija Palonen; Carina Ankarberg-Lindgren; Esa Hämäläinen; Ursula Turpeinen; Urho M Kujala; Jukka Puolakka; Jaakko Kaprio; Sarianna Sipilä Journal: J Appl Physiol (1985) Date: 2009-02-26
Authors: Edward M Castillo; Deborah Goodman-Gruen; Donna Kritz-Silverstein; Deborah J Morton; Deborah L Wingard; Elizabeth Barrett-Connor Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2003-10 Impact factor: 5.043
Authors: Maria Montes de Oca; Eduardo Loeb; Sonia H Torres; Juan De Sanctis; Noelina Hernández; Carlos Tálamo Journal: Chest Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 9.410
Authors: V Papa; V M Bimonte; F Wannenes; A S D'Abusco; S Fittipaldi; R Scandurra; L Politi; C Crescioli; A Lenzi; L Di Luigi; S Migliaccio Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2015-09-03 Impact factor: 4.256