p53-Dependent apoptosis induced in human bronchial epithelial (16-HBE) cells by PM(2.5) sampled from air in Guangzhou, China.

Epidemiological studies have shown that air pollution particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in the occurrence of respiratory diseases. In this study, human bronchial epithelial (16-HBE) cells were exposed to different concentrations (16-128 µg/ml) of PM(2.5) for 24 h to investigate the apoptosis induced by PM(2.5). The results showed that PM(2.5) exposure significantly induced apoptosis, DNA strand breaks, and oxidative damage in a dose-dependent manner in 16-HBE cells. The expression of p53 and p73 increased significantly along with the dose of PM(2.5) in 16-HBE cells, whereas the expression of p21(Cip1/WAF1) decreased; the expression of mdm2 increased and then decreased, but not significantly. Taken together, these observations indicate that PM(2.5) may lead to oxidative damage and induce apoptosis through the p53-dependent pathway in 16-HBE cells. p53-Dependent apoptosis mediated by DNA strand breaks may be an important mechanism of PM(2.5)-induced apoptosis in 16-HBE cells.