[Cabazitaxel--a next-generation taxane for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer].

Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease that responds variably to available agents, particularly androgen receptor(AR)- targeting agents. In preclinical models, cabazitaxel, a second-generation taxane, demonstrated enhanced antitumor activity when compared with docetaxel. In subsequent clinical trials, cabazitaxel was associated with pharmacokinetic, safety, and tolerability profiles consistent with those of previous taxanes. In the pivotal phase III study(TROPIC; NCT00417079), cabazitaxel led to significantly improved overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer(mCRPC), compared with mitoxantrone, when both were administered in combination with prednisone/prednisolone(median survival: 15.1 months[95%confidence interval(CI): 14.1-16.3]vs 12.7 months[95% CI: 11.6-13.7], hazard ratio(HR): 0.70[95% CI: 0.59-0.83], p<0.0001), and it also extended progression-free survival. Furthermore, a long-term analysis of the TROPIC trial revealed that the survival benefit with cabazitaxel was maintained at 2 years, with 60(15.9%)patients in the cabazitaxel group and 31(8.2%)patients in the mitoxantrone group surviving for B2 years(odds ratio: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.33-3.33). Cabazitaxel also provides pain palliation similar to that provided by using mitoxantrone. The safety profile of cabazitaxel is consistent with that of first-generation taxanes, and gastrointestinal(predominantly diarrhea)and hematologic(mainly neutropenia)adverse events are the most frequently reported. Clinical trial data suggest that these events can be managed with careful monitoring and dose reduction where necessary. In addition, treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)can mitigate hematologic adverse events, whereas supportive treatment with antiemetic and antidiarrheal agents may ameliorate gastrointestinal symptoms. The treatment paradigm for mCRPC is evolving rapidly with the emergence of data for new agents, leading to maximization of patient benefits. The proven efficacy and tolerability profiles of cabazitaxel suggest the promising role of this agent within this paradigm.