Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in lung transplantation: 5 case reports.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a cliniconeuroradiologic entity characterized by typical neurologic symptoms with characteristic cerebral image alterations. It has been reported in solid organ transplantations, especially related to the use of calcineurin inhibitors. The incidence of PRES in lung transplantation is unknown and probably under-reported in the literature. Here we describe 5 cases of PRES after bilateral lung transplantation. One of the reported cases was the first in the literature in which the neurologic onset precluded the introduction of calcineurin inhibitor. Therefore, although calcineurin inhibitors are known to play an important role in the development of PRES in the setting of lung transplantation, other causes seems to be involved in the physiopathology of this syndrome.