Jean Lowe1, Sarah J Erickson2, Peggy MacLean3, Susanne W Duvall4, Robin K Ohls3, Andrea F Duncan3. 1. University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA. Electronic address: jrlowe@unm.edu. 2. University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, Albuquerque, NM, USA. 3. University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA. 4. Oregon Health & Science University, Division of Psychology, Institute on Development & Disability, Portland, OR, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Deficits in executive function, including measures of working memory, inhibition and cognitive flexibility, have been documented in preschoolers born very low birth weight (VLBW) compared with preschoolers born normal birth weight (NBW). Maternal verbal scaffolding has been associated with positive outcomes for both at-risk and typically developing preschoolers. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to examine associations between maternal verbal scaffolding, Verbal IQ (VIQ) and executive function measures in preschoolers born VLBW. SUBJECTS: A total of 64 VLBW and 40 NBW preschoolers ranging in age from 3 ½ to 4 years participated in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES: VIQ was measured with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence - Third Edition. Executive function tests included the Bear Dragon, Gift Delay Peek, Reverse Categorization and Dimensional Change Card Sort-Separated Dimensions. STUDY DESIGN: Maternal verbal scaffolding was coded during a videotaped play session. Associations between maternal verbal scaffolding and preschoolers' measures of VIQ and executive function were compared. Covariates included test age, maternal education, and gender. RESULTS: Preschoolers born VLBW performed significantly worse on VIQ and all executive function measures compared to those born NBW. Maternal verbal scaffolding was associated with VIQ for VLBW preschoolers and Gift Delay Peek for the NBW group. Girls born VLBW outperformed boys born VLBW on VIQ and Bear Dragon. CONCLUSION: Integrating scaffolding skills training as part of parent-focused intervention may be both feasible and valuable for early verbal reasoning and EF development.
BACKGROUND: Deficits in executive function, including measures of working memory, inhibition and cognitive flexibility, have been documented in preschoolers born very low birth weight (VLBW) compared with preschoolers born normal birth weight (NBW). Maternal verbal scaffolding has been associated with positive outcomes for both at-risk and typically developing preschoolers. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to examine associations between maternal verbal scaffolding, Verbal IQ (VIQ) and executive function measures in preschoolers born VLBW. SUBJECTS: A total of 64 VLBW and 40 NBW preschoolers ranging in age from 3 ½ to 4 years participated in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES: VIQ was measured with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence - Third Edition. Executive function tests included the Bear Dragon, Gift Delay Peek, Reverse Categorization and Dimensional Change Card Sort-Separated Dimensions. STUDY DESIGN: Maternal verbal scaffolding was coded during a videotaped play session. Associations between maternal verbal scaffolding and preschoolers' measures of VIQ and executive function were compared. Covariates included test age, maternal education, and gender. RESULTS: Preschoolers born VLBW performed significantly worse on VIQ and all executive function measures compared to those born NBW. Maternal verbal scaffolding was associated with VIQ for VLBW preschoolers and Gift Delay Peek for the NBW group. Girls born VLBW outperformed boys born VLBW on VIQ and Bear Dragon. CONCLUSION: Integrating scaffolding skills training as part of parent-focused intervention may be both feasible and valuable for early verbal reasoning and EF development.
Authors: Lianne J Woodward; Caron A C Clark; Verena E Pritchard; Peter J Anderson; Terrie E Inder Journal: Dev Neuropsychol Date: 2011 Impact factor: 2.253
Authors: Margaret M McGrath; Mary Sullivan; Jerilyn Devin; Maria Fontes-Murphy; Suzy Barcelos; Jennifer L DePalma; Stephen Faraone Journal: Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs Date: 2005 Jan-Mar
Authors: Renata Cserjesi; Koenraad N J A Van Braeckel; Phillipa R Butcher; Jorien M Kerstjens; Sijmen A Reijneveld; Anke Bouma; Reint H Geuze; Arend F Bos Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2012-09-03 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Thomas G Power; Ashley Beck; Karina Silva Garcia; Noemi Duran Aguilar; Veronica Hopwood; Guadalupe Ramos; Yadira Olivera Guerrero; Jennifer O Fisher; Teresia M O'Connor; Sheryl O Hughes Journal: Parent Sci Pract Date: 2020-09-16
Authors: Jean R Lowe; Lauren Hund; Dominique E Rodriguez; Asma Qamruddin; Lawrence Leeman; Julia M Stephen; Ludmila N Bakhireva Journal: Early Hum Dev Date: 2021-07-04 Impact factor: 2.699