Factors affecting food intake of women with Alzheimer's type dementia in long-term care.

This study assessed the nutrient intake and problems associated with the feeding of individuals who have advanced senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT). The sample consisted of 19 non-ambulatory women, ranging in age from 67 to 105 years, with documented SDAT, who reside in a long-term-care facility. Dietary intake was recorded, and feeding practices were observed for a 3-day period. The mean daily energy intake was 1,558 kcal, with a mean protein intake of 65 gm during the study. Nutritional supplements, consisting of fortified beverages and/or puddings, provided 29% of the calories and 41.5% of the protein intake while contributing considerable amounts of vitamins and minerals. Maintenance of optimal caloric and protein intake is difficult for advanced SDAT patients who are at high risk for infection and skin breakdown related to poor swallowing ability, incontinence, and immobility. Four major factors emerged that promoted optimal intake: using skillful feeding techniques, selecting appropriate food consistency, providing adequate time in which to feed, and capitalizing on the midday meal when cognitive abilities were at their peak.