Relation of PAI-1 and TPA genes polymorphisms to acute myocardial infarction and its outcomes in Egyptian patients.

Endogenous fibrinolysis is a protective mechanism against arterial thrombotic occlusion, which would otherwise lead to permanent tissue damage as acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to investigate the association of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) genes polymorphisms with myocardial infarction and its outcomes in Egyptian patients. 184 patients with AMI and 184 controls were included in the study. PAI-1 and TPA genes polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. All patients were followed for AMI complications during their hospitalization. We found a significant association among TPA ID, II genotypes, and I allele and increased risk of AMI by 2.1, 3.2, and 1.9 fold, respectively. Also, the frequencies of PAI-1 4G/4G genotype and 4G allele were significantly increased in patients with AMI as compared to the control group. Furthermore, AMI patients with PAI-1 4G/4G genotype were significantly more likely to have morbidity and mortality complications as compared to AMI patients without complications (P = 0.00 and 0.048, respectively). We concluded that 4G/4G genotype and 4G allele of the PAI-1 gene are associated with risk of AMI and its morbidity. The PAI-1 4G/4G genotype is associated with mortality of AMI. There is also an association between TPA ID, II genotypes, and I allele with increased risk of AMI.