Glen B Taksler1, David M Cutler2, Edward Giovannucci3, Nancy L Keating4. 1. 1Medicine Institute,Cleveland Clinic,9500 Euclid Avenue,G1-40F,Cleveland,OH 44195,USA. 2. 2Department of Economics and Kennedy School of Government,Harvard University,Cambridge,MA,USA. 3. 4Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology,Harvard School of Public Health,Boston,MA,USA. 4. 5Department of Health Care Policy,Harvard Medical School,Boston,MA,USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Black and Hispanic individuals synthesize less vitamin D per unit of sun exposure than white individuals. The relationship between UV radiation and vitamin D insufficiency in minorities has not been well explored. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we obtained serum vitamin D levels for non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks aged ≥18 years from 2000-2006. We linked these data with the average monthly solar UV index by census tract and data on sun exposure, vitamin D supplementation, health and demographics. We used multivariable regression analyses to assess vitamin D deficiency (<15 ng/ml) and insufficiency (<20 ng/ml) in January (when the UV index was lowest) by race/ethnicity and geography. SUBJECTS: Adults (n 14,319) aged ≥18 years. RESULTS: A 1-point increase in the UV index was associated with a 0·51 ng/ml increase in vitamin D (95% CI 0·35, 0·67 ng/ml; P<0·001). Non-Hispanic Black race and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with a 7·47 and 3·41 ng/ml decrease in vitamin D, respectively (both P<0·001). In January, an estimated 65·4% of non-Hispanic Blacks were deficient in vitamin D, compared with 28·9% of Hispanics and 14·0% of non-Hispanic Whites. An estimated 84·2% of non-Hispanic Blacks were insufficient in vitamin D v. 56·3% of Hispanics and 34·8% of non-Hispanic Whites. More non-Hispanic Blacks were estimated to be deficient in vitamin D in January in the highest UV index quartile than were non-Hispanic Whites in the lowest UV index quartile (60·2% v. 25·7%). CONCLUSIONS: Wintertime vitamin D insufficiency is pervasive among minority populations, and not uncommon among non-Hispanic Whites.
OBJECTIVE: Black and Hispanic individuals synthesize less vitamin D per unit of sun exposure than white individuals. The relationship between UV radiation and vitamin Dinsufficiency in minorities has not been well explored. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we obtained serum vitamin D levels for non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks aged ≥18 years from 2000-2006. We linked these data with the average monthly solar UV index by census tract and data on sun exposure, vitamin D supplementation, health and demographics. We used multivariable regression analyses to assess vitamin D deficiency (<15 ng/ml) and insufficiency (<20 ng/ml) in January (when the UV index was lowest) by race/ethnicity and geography. SUBJECTS: Adults (n 14,319) aged ≥18 years. RESULTS: A 1-point increase in the UV index was associated with a 0·51 ng/ml increase in vitamin D (95% CI 0·35, 0·67 ng/ml; P<0·001). Non-Hispanic Black race and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with a 7·47 and 3·41 ng/ml decrease in vitamin D, respectively (both P<0·001). In January, an estimated 65·4% of non-Hispanic Blacks were deficient in vitamin D, compared with 28·9% of Hispanics and 14·0% of non-Hispanic Whites. An estimated 84·2% of non-Hispanic Blacks were insufficient in vitamin D v. 56·3% of Hispanics and 34·8% of non-Hispanic Whites. More non-Hispanic Blacks were estimated to be deficient in vitamin D in January in the highest UV index quartile than were non-Hispanic Whites in the lowest UV index quartile (60·2% v. 25·7%). CONCLUSIONS: Wintertime vitamin Dinsufficiency is pervasive among minority populations, and not uncommon among non-Hispanic Whites.
Authors: Alissa Cordner; Adrien A Wilkie; Timothy J Wade; Edward E Hudgens; Rebecca J Birch; Jane E Gallagher Journal: J Health Dispar Res Pract Date: 2017
Authors: Katharyn M Baca; Manika Govil; Joseph M Zmuda; Hyagriv N Simhan; Mary L Marazita; Lisa M Bodnar Journal: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol Date: 2017-11-16 Impact factor: 2.435
Authors: Kirsten V Knutsen; Ahmed A Madar; Mette Brekke; Haakon E Meyer; Åse Ruth Eggemoen; Ibrahimu Mdala; Per Lagerløv Journal: J Endocr Soc Date: 2017-04-11
Authors: Alyssa A Kerber; Mitchell M Pitlick; Anna E Kellund; Amy L Weaver; Seema Kumar; Avni Y Joshi Journal: J Pediatr Date: 2021-07-20 Impact factor: 6.314
Authors: Ronnie Levin; Carolina L Zilli Vieira; Marieke H Rosenbaum; Karyn Bischoff; Daniel C Mordarski; Mary Jean Brown Journal: Environ Res Date: 2020-10-28 Impact factor: 8.431