Alp Üçok1, Ceylan Ergül2. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet Street, Çapa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: alpucok@gmail.com. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet Street, Çapa, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to determine the rate of persistent negative symptoms according to different criteria during two years of follow-up after first-episode schizophrenia. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 105 patients with first-episode schizophrenia who completed at least 12 months of follow-up period. We used 6 different definitions of persistent negative symptoms (PNS) based on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms subscale scores at seven time points throughout the follow-up. In some definitions of PNS, patients with suprathreshold depressive symptoms were excluded. Premorbid adjustment and baseline cognitive performances of the patients were assessed. RESULTS: The PNS rates were between 14.2 and 27.9% in the first year and 11.1 and 25.8% in the second year. Seventy-eight percent of the patients who met the strictest PNS criteria during the first 12 months met the same criteria also during the second 12-month-period. Those with PNS had earlier onset, lower premorbid functioning, worse executive functioning and attention at baseline, and lower rates of working/studying during the 2-year follow-up. Duration of education and untreated psychosis are the independent variables that contribute to the PNS status at the first year of follow-up in logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that PNS has specific predictors and effect on the course of illness after first-episode schizophrenia.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to determine the rate of persistent negative symptoms according to different criteria during two years of follow-up after first-episode schizophrenia. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 105 patients with first-episode schizophrenia who completed at least 12 months of follow-up period. We used 6 different definitions of persistent negative symptoms (PNS) based on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms subscale scores at seven time points throughout the follow-up. In some definitions of PNS, patients with suprathreshold depressive symptoms were excluded. Premorbid adjustment and baseline cognitive performances of the patients were assessed. RESULTS: The PNS rates were between 14.2 and 27.9% in the first year and 11.1 and 25.8% in the second year. Seventy-eight percent of the patients who met the strictest PNS criteria during the first 12 months met the same criteria also during the second 12-month-period. Those with PNS had earlier onset, lower premorbid functioning, worse executive functioning and attention at baseline, and lower rates of working/studying during the 2-year follow-up. Duration of education and untreated psychosis are the independent variables that contribute to the PNS status at the first year of follow-up in logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that PNS has specific predictors and effect on the course of illness after first-episode schizophrenia.
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