Yu Akaishi1, Junji Otaki2, Osamu Takahashi3, Raoul Breugelmans4, Kimiko Kojima5, Masayasu Seki4, Takayuki Komoda4, Shizuko Nagata-Kobayashi4, Miki Izumi4. 1. Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo; Department of Primary Care and General Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo. 2. Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo; Department of Primary Care and General Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo; Centre for Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo. Electronic address: jo-tky@umin.ac.jp. 3. Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, St. Luke's Life Science Institute, Tokyo, Japan. 4. Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo. 5. Department of Primary Care and General Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We examined how direct ophthalmoscopy (DO) skills can be evaluated in a clinical setting using a simulator, and determined the appropriate assessment criteria for the DO skills in practical tests such as the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Medical students, residents, and attending physicians (73 total participants). METHODS: We selected the following 3 factors that may indicate the ability to perform nonmydriatic direct funduscopy: (i) experience: total number of cases examined (without mydriasis); (ii) frequency: number of cases examined during the previous month; and (iii) range: viewable fundus field range. We used a fundus simulator with 3-level adjustable pupil sizes (2, 3.5, and 5 mm) and created original test slides for use in the simulator. We counted the number of correct answers of each participant for each pupil size using the simulator and test slides. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the median number of correct answers for pupil diameters of 2 (p = 0.008) and 3.5 mm (p = 0.007) among groups divided according to the total number of cases examined (without mydriasis). There were no significant differences among groups divided according to the viewable fundus field range (2 mm: p = 0.103, 3.5 mm: p = 0.083, 5 mm: p = 0.347). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a possible relation between the surrogate indicators "experience" and "range" and DO skills using a fundus simulator. The surrogate indicator experience showed a strong relation to DO skills using a fundus simulator.
OBJECTIVE: We examined how direct ophthalmoscopy (DO) skills can be evaluated in a clinical setting using a simulator, and determined the appropriate assessment criteria for the DO skills in practical tests such as the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Medical students, residents, and attending physicians (73 total participants). METHODS: We selected the following 3 factors that may indicate the ability to perform nonmydriatic direct funduscopy: (i) experience: total number of cases examined (without mydriasis); (ii) frequency: number of cases examined during the previous month; and (iii) range: viewable fundus field range. We used a fundus simulator with 3-level adjustable pupil sizes (2, 3.5, and 5 mm) and created original test slides for use in the simulator. We counted the number of correct answers of each participant for each pupil size using the simulator and test slides. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the median number of correct answers for pupil diameters of 2 (p = 0.008) and 3.5 mm (p = 0.007) among groups divided according to the total number of cases examined (without mydriasis). There were no significant differences among groups divided according to the viewable fundus field range (2 mm: p = 0.103, 3.5 mm: p = 0.083, 5 mm: p = 0.347). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a possible relation between the surrogate indicators "experience" and "range" and DO skills using a fundus simulator. The surrogate indicator experience showed a strong relation to DO skills using a fundus simulator.
Authors: Daniel Shu Wei Ting; Shaun Sebastian Khung Peng Sim; Christine Wen Leng Yau; Mohamad Rosman; Ai Tee Aw; Ian Yew San Yeo Journal: Int J Ophthalmol Date: 2016-06-18 Impact factor: 1.779
Authors: J A Gilmour-White; A Picton; A Blaikie; A K Denniston; R Blanch; J Coleman; P I Murray Journal: BMC Med Educ Date: 2019-06-13 Impact factor: 2.463