Peng Yang1, Mark G Thompson2, Chunna Ma1, Weixian Shi1, Shuangsheng Wu1, Daitao Zhang1, Quanyi Wang3. 1. Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China. 2. Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. 3. Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China; Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China. Electronic address: bjcdcxm@126.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Influenza vaccine coverage remains low in China, and there is limited information on the preventive value of local vaccination programs. METHODS: As part of influenza virological surveillance in Beijing, China during the 2012-2013 influenza season, we assessed the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of one or more doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) in preventing medically-attended influenza-like-illness (ILI) associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection using a test-negative case-control design. Influenza vaccination was determined based on self-report by adult patients or the parents of child patients. RESULTS: Of 1998 patients with ILI, 695 (35%) tested positive for influenza viruses, including 292 (42%) A(H3N2), 398 (57%) A(H1N1)pdm09, and 5 (1%) not (sub)typed influenza viruses. The rate of influenza vaccination among all patients was 4% (71/1998). Among influenza positive patients, 2% (57/1303) were vaccinated compared to 4% (14/695) among influenza negative patients, resulting in VE for one or more doses of vaccine (adjusted for age, sex, week, and days since illness onset) against all circulating influenza viruses of 52% (95% CI=12-74%). A significant adjusted VE for one or more doses of vaccine for all ages against A(H1N1)pdm09 of 59% (95% CI, 8-82%) was observed; however, the VE against A(H3N2) was 43% (95% CI, -30% to 75%). The point estimate of VE was 59% (95% CI, 19-79%) for those aged <60 years, but a negative VE point estimate without statistical significance was observed among those aged ≥60 years. CONCLUSIONS: IIV3 conferred moderate protection against medically-attended influenza in Beijing, China during the 2012-2013 season, especially against the A(H1N1)pdm09 strain and among those aged <60 years old.
BACKGROUND:Influenza vaccine coverage remains low in China, and there is limited information on the preventive value of local vaccination programs. METHODS: As part of influenza virological surveillance in Beijing, China during the 2012-2013 influenza season, we assessed the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of one or more doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) in preventing medically-attended influenza-like-illness (ILI) associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection using a test-negative case-control design. Influenza vaccination was determined based on self-report by adult patients or the parents of childpatients. RESULTS: Of 1998 patients with ILI, 695 (35%) tested positive for influenza viruses, including 292 (42%) A(H3N2), 398 (57%) A(H1N1)pdm09, and 5 (1%) not (sub)typed influenza viruses. The rate of influenza vaccination among all patients was 4% (71/1998). Among influenza positive patients, 2% (57/1303) were vaccinated compared to 4% (14/695) among influenza negative patients, resulting in VE for one or more doses of vaccine (adjusted for age, sex, week, and days since illness onset) against all circulating influenza viruses of 52% (95% CI=12-74%). A significant adjusted VE for one or more doses of vaccine for all ages against A(H1N1)pdm09 of 59% (95% CI, 8-82%) was observed; however, the VE against A(H3N2) was 43% (95% CI, -30% to 75%). The point estimate of VE was 59% (95% CI, 19-79%) for those aged <60 years, but a negative VE point estimate without statistical significance was observed among those aged ≥60 years. CONCLUSIONS: IIV3 conferred moderate protection against medically-attended influenza in Beijing, China during the 2012-2013 season, especially against the A(H1N1)pdm09 strain and among those aged <60 years old.
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