J Troy Blackburn1, Derek N Pamukoff2, Mark Sakr3, Aaron J Vaughan4, David J Berkoff5. 1. Neuromuscular Research Laboratory; Department of Exercise and Sport Science; Program in Human Movement Science; Department of Orthopaedics. Electronic address: troyb@email.unc.edu. 2. Neuromuscular Research Laboratory; Department of Exercise and Sport Science; Program in Human Movement Science. 3. Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. 4. Department of Family Medicine, Mountain Area Health Education Center, Asheville, NC. 5. Department of Orthopaedics.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) and local muscle vibration (LMV) on quadriceps function after experimental knee effusion (ie, simulated pathology). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Healthy volunteers (N=43) were randomized to WBV (n=14), LMV (n=16), or control (n=13) groups. INTERVENTIONS:Saline was injected into the knee to induce quadriceps arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI). All groups then performed isometric squats while being exposed to WBV, LMV, or no vibration (control). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quadriceps function was assessed at baseline, immediately after effusion, and immediately and 5 minutes after each intervention (WBV, LMV, control) via voluntary peak torque (VPT) and the central activation ratio (CAR) during maximal isometric knee extension on a multifunction dynamometer. RESULTS: The CAR improved in the WBV (11.4%, P=.021) and LMV (7.3%, P<.001) groups immediately postintervention, but they did not improve in the control group. Similarly, VPT increased by 16.5% (P=.021) in the WBV group and 23% (P=.078) in the LMV group immediately postintervention, but it did not increase in the control group. The magnitudes of improvements in the CAR and VPT did not differ between the WBV and LMV groups. CONCLUSIONS: Quadriceps AMI is a common complication following knee pathology that produces quadriceps dysfunction and increases the risk of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Quadriceps strengthening after knee pathology is often ineffective because of AMI. WBV and LMV improve quadriceps function equivocally after simulated knee pathology, effectively minimizing quadriceps AMI. Therefore, these stimuli may be used to enhance quadriceps strengthening, therefore improving the efficacy of rehabilitation and reducing the risk of osteoarthritis.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) and local muscle vibration (LMV) on quadriceps function after experimental knee effusion (ie, simulated pathology). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Healthy volunteers (N=43) were randomized to WBV (n=14), LMV (n=16), or control (n=13) groups. INTERVENTIONS:Saline was injected into the knee to induce quadriceps arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI). All groups then performed isometric squats while being exposed to WBV, LMV, or no vibration (control). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quadriceps function was assessed at baseline, immediately after effusion, and immediately and 5 minutes after each intervention (WBV, LMV, control) via voluntary peak torque (VPT) and the central activation ratio (CAR) during maximal isometric knee extension on a multifunction dynamometer. RESULTS: The CAR improved in the WBV (11.4%, P=.021) and LMV (7.3%, P<.001) groups immediately postintervention, but they did not improve in the control group. Similarly, VPT increased by 16.5% (P=.021) in the WBV group and 23% (P=.078) in the LMV group immediately postintervention, but it did not increase in the control group. The magnitudes of improvements in the CAR and VPT did not differ between the WBV and LMV groups. CONCLUSIONS: Quadriceps AMI is a common complication following knee pathology that produces quadriceps dysfunction and increases the risk of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Quadriceps strengthening after knee pathology is often ineffective because of AMI. WBV and LMV improve quadriceps function equivocally after simulated knee pathology, effectively minimizing quadriceps AMI. Therefore, these stimuli may be used to enhance quadriceps strengthening, therefore improving the efficacy of rehabilitation and reducing the risk of osteoarthritis.