OBJECTIVES: Millions of U.S. adults are recipients of the high school equivalency (GED) diploma. Virtually nothing is known about the health of this large group, although literature suggests GED recipients are considerably worse off than high school graduates in numerous economic and social outcomes. We analyze general health among working-age adults with a high school diploma, GED recipients, and high school dropouts. METHODS: Ordered and binary logistic models of self-rated health and activity limitations were estimated using data from the 1997-2009 National Health Interview Surveys (N=76,703). RESULTS: GED recipients have significantly and substantially worse health than high school graduates, among both sexes. In fact, the GED recipients' health is generally comparable to that of high school dropouts. Health behaviors and economic factors explain a large proportion of the difference but the gap remains significant. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of health, adults with a terminal GED are not equivalent to high school graduates. GED recipients report considerably worse general health and activity limitations. The disadvantage is only partly due to the worse economic outcomes and health behaviors; a significant difference remains unexplained and may be due to other, unobserved pathways, or to selection mechanisms.
OBJECTIVES: Millions of U.S. adults are recipients of the high school equivalency (GED) diploma. Virtually nothing is known about the health of this large group, although literature suggests GED recipients are considerably worse off than high school graduates in numerous economic and social outcomes. We analyze general health among working-age adults with a high school diploma, GED recipients, and high school dropouts. METHODS: Ordered and binary logistic models of self-rated health and activity limitations were estimated using data from the 1997-2009 National Health Interview Surveys (N=76,703). RESULTS: GED recipients have significantly and substantially worse health than high school graduates, among both sexes. In fact, the GED recipients' health is generally comparable to that of high school dropouts. Health behaviors and economic factors explain a large proportion of the difference but the gap remains significant. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of health, adults with a terminal GED are not equivalent to high school graduates. GED recipients report considerably worse general health and activity limitations. The disadvantage is only partly due to the worse economic outcomes and health behaviors; a significant difference remains unexplained and may be due to other, unobserved pathways, or to selection mechanisms.
Authors: J O Lee; R Kosterman; T M Jones; T I Herrenkohl; I C Rhew; R F Catalano; J D Hawkins Journal: Public Health Date: 2016-07-06 Impact factor: 2.427
Authors: Allison N Kurti; Elias M Klemperer; Ivori Zvorsky; Ryan Redner; Jeff S Priest; Stephen T Higgins Journal: Prev Med Date: 2016-02-21 Impact factor: 4.018
Authors: Anusha M Vable; Catherine dP Duarte; Alison K Cohen; M Maria Glymour; Robert K Ream; Irene H Yen Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2020-11-02 Impact factor: 4.897