Sunki Lee1, Min Woo Lee1, Han Saem Cho1, Joon Woo Song1, Hyeong Soo Nam1, Dong Joo Oh1, Kyeongsoon Park1, Wang-Yuhl Oh2, Hongki Yoo2, Jin Won Kim2. 1. From the Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.L., J.W.S., D.J.O., J.W.K.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (M.W.L., H.S.N., H.Y.); Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (H.S.C., W.-Y.O.); and Division of Bioimaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea (K.P.). 2. From the Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.L., J.W.S., D.J.O., J.W.K.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (M.W.L., H.S.N., H.Y.); Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (H.S.C., W.-Y.O.); and Division of Bioimaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea (K.P.). kjwmm@korea.ac.kr hyoo@hanyang.ac.kr woh1@kaist.ac.kr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lipid-rich inflamed coronary plaques are prone to rupture. The purpose of this study was to assess lipid-rich inflamed plaques in vivo using fully integrated high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT)/near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) molecular imaging with a Food and Drug Administration-approved indocyanine green (ICG). METHODS AND RESULTS: An integrated high-speed intravascular OCT/NIRF imaging catheter and a dual-modal OCT/NIRF system were constructed based on a clinical OCT platform. For imaging lipid-rich inflamed plaques, the Food and Drug Administration-approved NIRF-emitting ICG (2.25 mg/kg) or saline was injected intravenously into rabbit models with experimental atheromata induced by balloon injury and 12- to 14-week high-cholesterol diets. Twenty minutes after injection, in vivo OCT/NIRF imaging of the infrarenal aorta and iliac arteries was acquired only under contrast flushing through catheter (pullback speed up to ≤20 mm/s). NIRF signals were strongly detected in the OCT-visualized atheromata of the ICG-injected rabbits. The in vivo NIRF target-to-background ratio was significantly larger in the ICG-injected rabbits than in the saline-injected controls (P<0.01). Ex vivo peak plaque target-to-background ratios were significantly higher in ICG-injected rabbits than in controls (P<0.01) on fluorescence reflectance imaging, which correlated well with the in vivo target-to-background ratios (P<0.01; r=0.85) without significant bias (0.41). Cellular ICG uptake, correlative fluorescence microscopy, and histopathology also corroborated the in vivo imaging findings. CONCLUSIONS: Integrated OCT/NIRF structural/molecular imaging with a Food and Drug Administration -approved ICG accurately identified lipid-rich inflamed atheromata in coronary-sized vessels. This highly translatable dual-modal imaging approach could enhance our capabilities to detect high-risk coronary plaques.
BACKGROUND:Lipid-rich inflamed coronary plaques are prone to rupture. The purpose of this study was to assess lipid-rich inflamed plaques in vivo using fully integrated high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT)/near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) molecular imaging with a Food and Drug Administration-approved indocyanine green (ICG). METHODS AND RESULTS: An integrated high-speed intravascular OCT/NIRF imaging catheter and a dual-modal OCT/NIRF system were constructed based on a clinical OCT platform. For imaging lipid-rich inflamed plaques, the Food and Drug Administration-approved NIRF-emitting ICG (2.25 mg/kg) or saline was injected intravenously into rabbit models with experimental atheromata induced by balloon injury and 12- to 14-week high-cholesterol diets. Twenty minutes after injection, in vivo OCT/NIRF imaging of the infrarenal aorta and iliac arteries was acquired only under contrast flushing through catheter (pullback speed up to ≤20 mm/s). NIRF signals were strongly detected in the OCT-visualized atheromata of the ICG-injected rabbits. The in vivo NIRF target-to-background ratio was significantly larger in the ICG-injected rabbits than in the saline-injected controls (P<0.01). Ex vivo peak plaque target-to-background ratios were significantly higher in ICG-injected rabbits than in controls (P<0.01) on fluorescence reflectance imaging, which correlated well with the in vivo target-to-background ratios (P<0.01; r=0.85) without significant bias (0.41). Cellular ICG uptake, correlative fluorescence microscopy, and histopathology also corroborated the in vivo imaging findings. CONCLUSIONS: Integrated OCT/NIRF structural/molecular imaging with a Food and Drug Administration -approved ICG accurately identified lipid-rich inflamed atheromata in coronary-sized vessels. This highly translatable dual-modal imaging approach could enhance our capabilities to detect high-risk coronary plaques.
Authors: Jose J Rico-Jimenez; Michael J Serafino; Sebina Shrestha; Xi Chen; Wihan Kim; Jessie Adame; L Maximillan Buja; Deborah Vela; Brian E Applegate; Javier A Jo Journal: Atherosclerosis Date: 2019-04-19 Impact factor: 5.162
Authors: Johan W Verjans; Eric A Osborn; Giovanni J Ughi; Marcella A Calfon Press; Ehsan Hamidi; Antonios P Antoniadis; Michail I Papafaklis; Mark F Conrad; Peter Libby; Peter H Stone; Richard P Cambria; Guillermo J Tearney; Farouc A Jaffer Journal: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging Date: 2016-08-17