Full-field electroretinogram response to increment and decrement stimuli.

PURPOSE: The d-wave is typically elicited after the termination of an increment flash, but a decrement flash provides an alternative, and perhaps more appropriate, stimulus to elicit the d-wave. Here, we investigated the affects of stimulus polarity on the electroretinogram (ERG) response.
METHODS: ERG responses elicited to increment and decrement flashes of varying intensity and duration from different background levels were measured from human participants to assess the b-wave and d-wave responses as a function of adaptation level and flash polarity. Response amplitudes were measured using standard metrics for waveform analysis.
RESULTS: The amplitude of the b-wave is larger than the d-wave regardless of flash polarity when using different background levels which maximized the dynamic range of the two waveforms. However, when response amplitudes are measured from a common background, the d-wave elicited with decrement flash was larger than the b-wave elicited by an increment flash. This trend was evident across a range of background levels. The b-wave and d-wave become separate entities when flash duration reaches approximately 50 ms. Rapid-on and rapid-off sawtooth stimuli were also tested against increment and decrement step stimuli that were matched in mean luminance. These two stimulus types produced different amplitude b-wave and d-wave responses, suggesting asymmetric effects of the two stimulus types on the retinal response.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the response properties of the b-wave and d-wave are influenced by the duration, polarity and waveform of the stimulus, as well as the background from which the stimuli arise.