A multicentre pilot study investigating high-definition optical coherence tomography in the differentiation of cutaneous melanoma and melanocytic naevi.

BACKGROUND: High-definition optical coherence tomography scanners have recently been developed.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic performance of HD-OCT in the differentiation of benign melanocytic skin lesions (MSL) and cutaneous melanoma (CM).
METHODS: Patients with MSL were assessed by HD-OCT. All diagnoses were histopathologically confirmed. One blinded observer evaluated both slice and en-face HD-OCT images and diagnosed MLS on the basis of an algorithm adopted from reflectance confocal microscopy, recent HD-OCT reports, and conventional OCT.
RESULTS: A total of 93 MSL were studied comprising 66 benign MSL and 27 CM. The sensitivity of HD-OCT was 74.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 53.7-88.8%)], specificity was 92.4% (95% CI 83.2-97.5%). The positive predictive value was 80%, the negative predictive value 89.7%. The performance of HD-OCT depended on tumour thickness and the presence of borderline lesions indicated by high false negative rates in very thin melanomas and high false positive rates in dysplastic naevi.
CONCLUSIONS: In the distinction of MSL, HD-OCT applied in an investigator blinded fashion has a moderate diagnostic performance. The diagnostic performance of HD-OCT of MSL should be reassessed in other clinical settings.