Kengo Matsumoto1, Mitsunobu Imasato2, Yuji Yamazaki2, Hiroo Tanaka2, Mitsuhiro Watanabe3, Hidetoshi Eguchi4, Hiroaki Nagano4, Hayato Hikita5, Tomohide Tatsumi5, Tetsuo Takehara5, Atsushi Tamura6, Sachiko Tsukita7. 1. Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. 2. Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Media and Governance, Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan. 4. Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. 5. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. 6. Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: atamura@biosci.med.osaka-u.ac.jp. 7. Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. Electronic address: atsukita@biosci.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Bile formation and secretion are essential functions of the hepatobiliary system. Bile flow is generated by transepithelial transport of water and ionic/nonionic solutes via transcellular and paracellular pathways that is mainly driven by osmotic pressure. We examined the role of tight junction-based paracellular transport in bile secretion. Claudins are cell-cell adhesion molecules in tight junctions that create the paracellular barrier. The claudin family has 27 reported members, some of which have paracellular ion- and/or water-channel-like functions. Claudin 2 is a paracellular channel-forming protein that is highly expressed in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes; we examined the hepatobiliary system of claudin 2 knockout (Cldn2(-/-)) mice. METHODS: We collected liver and biliary tissues from Cldn2(-/-) and Cldn2(+/+) mice and performed histologic, biochemical, and electrophysiologic analyses. We measured osmotic movement of water and/or ions in Cldn2(-/-) and Cldn2(+/+) hepatocytes and bile ducts. Mice were placed on lithogenic diets for 4 weeks and development of gallstone disease was assessed. RESULTS: The rate of bile flow in Cldn2(-/-) mice was half that of Cldn2(+/+) mice, resulting in significantly more concentrated bile in livers of Cldn2(-/-) mice. Consistent with these findings, osmotic gradient-driven water flow was significantly reduced in hepatocyte bile canaliculi and bile ducts isolated from Cldn2(-/-) mice, compared with Cldn2(+/+) mice. After 4 weeks on lithogenic diets, all Cldn2(-/-) mice developed macroscopically visible gallstones; the main component of the gallstones was cholesterol (>98%). In contrast, none of the Cldn2(+/+) mice placed on lithogenic diets developed gallstones. CONCLUSIONS: Based on studies of Cldn2(-/-) mice, claudin 2 regulates paracellular ion and water flow required for proper regulation of bile composition and flow. Dysregulation of this process increases susceptibility to cholesterol gallstone disease in mice.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Bile formation and secretion are essential functions of the hepatobiliary system. Bile flow is generated by transepithelial transport of water and ionic/nonionic solutes via transcellular and paracellular pathways that is mainly driven by osmotic pressure. We examined the role of tight junction-based paracellular transport in bile secretion. Claudins are cell-cell adhesion molecules in tight junctions that create the paracellular barrier. The claudin family has 27 reported members, some of which have paracellular ion- and/or water-channel-like functions. Claudin 2 is a paracellular channel-forming protein that is highly expressed in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes; we examined the hepatobiliary system of claudin 2 knockout (Cldn2(-/-)) mice. METHODS: We collected liver and biliary tissues from Cldn2(-/-) and Cldn2(+/+) mice and performed histologic, biochemical, and electrophysiologic analyses. We measured osmotic movement of water and/or ions in Cldn2(-/-) and Cldn2(+/+) hepatocytes and bile ducts. Mice were placed on lithogenic diets for 4 weeks and development of gallstone disease was assessed. RESULTS: The rate of bile flow in Cldn2(-/-) mice was half that of Cldn2(+/+) mice, resulting in significantly more concentrated bile in livers of Cldn2(-/-) mice. Consistent with these findings, osmotic gradient-driven water flow was significantly reduced in hepatocyte bile canaliculi and bile ducts isolated from Cldn2(-/-) mice, compared with Cldn2(+/+) mice. After 4 weeks on lithogenic diets, all Cldn2(-/-) mice developed macroscopically visible gallstones; the main component of the gallstones was cholesterol (>98%). In contrast, none of the Cldn2(+/+) mice placed on lithogenic diets developed gallstones. CONCLUSIONS: Based on studies of Cldn2(-/-) mice, claudin 2 regulates paracellular ion and water flow required for proper regulation of bile composition and flow. Dysregulation of this process increases susceptibility to cholesterol gallstone disease in mice.
Authors: Tirthadipa Pradhan-Sundd; Lili Zhou; Ravi Vats; An Jiang; Laura Molina; Sucha Singh; Minakshi Poddar; Jacquelyn Russell; Donna B Stolz; Michael Oertel; Udayan Apte; Simon Watkins; Sarangarajan Ranganathan; Kari N Nejak-Bowen; Prithu Sundd; Satdarshan Pal Monga Journal: Hepatology Date: 2018-04-19 Impact factor: 17.425
Authors: Wei-Ting Kuo; Li Zuo; Matthew A Odenwald; Shariq Madha; Gurminder Singh; Christine B Gurniak; Clara Abraham; Jerrold R Turner Journal: Gastroenterology Date: 2021-08-31 Impact factor: 22.682