Stephen F Smagula1, Sonia Ancoli-Israel2, Terri Blackwell3, Robert Boudreau1, Marcia L Stefanick4, Misti L Paudel5, Katie L Stone3, Jane A Cauley6. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 2. Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA; VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), San Diego, CA. 3. Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA. 4. Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford, CA. 5. Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. 6. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: jcauley@edc.pitt.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Circadian rest-activity rhythms (CARs) have been cross-sectionally associated with depressive symptoms, although no longitudinal research has examined whether CARs are a risk factor for developing depressive symptoms. METHODS: We examined associations of CARs (measured with actigraphy over a mean of 4.8 days) with depressive symptoms (measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale) among 2,892 community-dwelling older men (mean age: 76.2 ± 5.5 years) from the MrOS Sleep Study who were without cognitive impairment. Among 2,124 men with minimal (0-2) symptoms at baseline, we assessed associations between CAR parameters and increases to mild (3-5) or clinically significant (≥6) symptoms after an average of 1.2 (±0.32) years. RESULTS: Cross-sectional associations between rhythm height parameters were independent of chronic diseases, lifestyle, sleep, and self-reported physical activity covariates. For example, men in the lowest mesor quartile had twice the adjusted odds (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-3.04, p = 0.0005) of having prevalent clinically significant symptoms (compared to minimal). Longitudinally, low CAR robustness (being in the lowest quartile of the pseudo-F statistic) was independently associated with increasing odds of developing symptoms (i.e., AOR for having clinically significant depressive symptoms at follow-up = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.11-5.99, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: CAR disturbances are indicative of depressive symptomology. Low CAR robustness may independently contribute to the risk of worsening depression symptomology.
OBJECTIVE: Circadian rest-activity rhythms (CARs) have been cross-sectionally associated with depressive symptoms, although no longitudinal research has examined whether CARs are a risk factor for developing depressive symptoms. METHODS: We examined associations of CARs (measured with actigraphy over a mean of 4.8 days) with depressive symptoms (measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale) among 2,892 community-dwelling older men (mean age: 76.2 ± 5.5 years) from the MrOS Sleep Study who were without cognitive impairment. Among 2,124 men with minimal (0-2) symptoms at baseline, we assessed associations between CAR parameters and increases to mild (3-5) or clinically significant (≥6) symptoms after an average of 1.2 (±0.32) years. RESULTS: Cross-sectional associations between rhythm height parameters were independent of chronic diseases, lifestyle, sleep, and self-reported physical activity covariates. For example, men in the lowest mesor quartile had twice the adjusted odds (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-3.04, p = 0.0005) of having prevalent clinically significant symptoms (compared to minimal). Longitudinally, low CAR robustness (being in the lowest quartile of the pseudo-F statistic) was independently associated with increasing odds of developing symptoms (i.e., AOR for having clinically significant depressive symptoms at follow-up = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.11-5.99, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION:CAR disturbances are indicative of depressive symptomology. Low CAR robustness may independently contribute to the risk of worsening depression symptomology.
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