Yingying Ding1, Haijiang Lin2, Lin Zhou1, Huamei Yan1, Na He3. 1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China. 2. Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China. 3. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: nhe@shmu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aims to examine adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), its interaction with methamphetamine (METH) use (e.g., frequency, duration, and dependence) and METH-associated risk of psychosis. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among METH users at a drug rehabilitation center in China. Participants were assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for METH-associated psychosis. RESULTS: Of 189 participants, 50.5% reported at least one of eight ACE categories and 35.4% had past history of a psychotic episode. After adjusting for age, sex, education, and marital status, all ACE categories except emotional abuse and parental separation or divorce increased the risk of ever experiencing METH-associated psychosis. When comparing participants who reported no ACEs, those with three or more ACEs had higher risks of lifetime psychosis (OR=4.5, 95% CI: 1.6-12.6). Relationship between number of ACEs and lifetime psychosis was graded (p<.01). The interaction between frequency of METH use (≥4 vs. <4 times/month) and number of ACEs on the risk of METH-associated psychosis was statistically significant (p=0.02), showing a trend of adjusted OR decreased significantly as the number of ACEs increased. CONCLUSIONS: These analyses indicate that childhood adversities increase the individual's vulnerability to METH-associated psychosis. Further larger longitudinal studies are warranted.
BACKGROUND: This study aims to examine adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), its interaction with methamphetamine (METH) use (e.g., frequency, duration, and dependence) and METH-associated risk of psychosis. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among METH users at a drug rehabilitation center in China. Participants were assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for METH-associated psychosis. RESULTS: Of 189 participants, 50.5% reported at least one of eight ACE categories and 35.4% had past history of a psychotic episode. After adjusting for age, sex, education, and marital status, all ACE categories except emotional abuse and parental separation or divorce increased the risk of ever experiencing METH-associated psychosis. When comparing participants who reported no ACEs, those with three or more ACEs had higher risks of lifetime psychosis (OR=4.5, 95% CI: 1.6-12.6). Relationship between number of ACEs and lifetime psychosis was graded (p<.01). The interaction between frequency of METH use (≥4 vs. <4 times/month) and number of ACEs on the risk of METH-associated psychosis was statistically significant (p=0.02), showing a trend of adjusted OR decreased significantly as the number of ACEs increased. CONCLUSIONS: These analyses indicate that childhood adversities increase the individual's vulnerability to METH-associated psychosis. Further larger longitudinal studies are warranted.
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