Jesper F Christensen1, Anders Tolver, Jesper L Andersen, Mikael Rørth, Gedske Daugaard, Pernille Hojman. 1. University Hospital Centre for Health Research (J.F.C., M.R.), Department of Oncology (J.F.C., M.R., G.D.), and Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism (P.H.), Centre of Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Department of Mathematical Sciences (A.T.), University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, and Centre for Healthy Ageing (J.L.A.), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Institute of Sports Medicine (J.L.A.), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Abstract
CONTEXT: Testicular germ cell cancer (GCC) patients treated withcisplatin-etoposide-bleomycin chemotherapy (BEP) have excellent prognosis but have an increased risk of late-occurring morbidities, which may be associated with changes in the inflammatory profile. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to explore plasma cytokine concentrations in GCC patients randomized to resistance training or usual care during BEP, in comparison with healthy controls. DESIGN/ SETTING: This was a randomized controlled trial in GCC patients enrolled from an oncology clinic, including a healthy reference group for comparison purposes. OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasma granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α were measured in fasting blood samples from GCC patients randomized to resistance training (INT; n = 15) or usual care (CON; n = 15) and healthy age-matched controls (REF; n = 19). Clinical toxicity assessments and patient-reported end points were also recorded. RESULTS: CON and INT were balanced at baseline. Compared with REF, CON had higher concentrations of IL-10, IL-6, and interferon-γ, and INT had higher concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α (all P < .05). At the end of therapy, concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 increased in both GCC groups (all P < .01). Three months after therapy, all cytokine concentrations were comparable with the pretreatment levels in both GCC-groups but remained elevated compared with REF (P < .05). Changes in TNF-α correlated with pulmonary toxicity (P < .01). At the end of therapy, IL-6 concentrations correlated with quality of life (P < .05) and fatigue (P < .01). CONCLUSION:GCC patients treated with BEP display consistently elevated levels of systemic inflammatory markers compared with healthy controls. Resistance training during therapy has no impact on plasma cytokine concentrations.
RCT Entities:
CONTEXT: Testicular germ cell cancer (GCC) patients treated with cisplatin-etoposide-bleomycin chemotherapy (BEP) have excellent prognosis but have an increased risk of late-occurring morbidities, which may be associated with changes in the inflammatory profile. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to explore plasma cytokine concentrations in GCC patients randomized to resistance training or usual care during BEP, in comparison with healthy controls. DESIGN/ SETTING: This was a randomized controlled trial in GCC patients enrolled from an oncology clinic, including a healthy reference group for comparison purposes. OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasma granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α were measured in fasting blood samples from GCC patients randomized to resistance training (INT; n = 15) or usual care (CON; n = 15) and healthy age-matched controls (REF; n = 19). Clinical toxicity assessments and patient-reported end points were also recorded. RESULTS: CON and INT were balanced at baseline. Compared with REF, CON had higher concentrations of IL-10, IL-6, and interferon-γ, and INT had higher concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α (all P < .05). At the end of therapy, concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 increased in both GCC groups (all P < .01). Three months after therapy, all cytokine concentrations were comparable with the pretreatment levels in both GCC-groups but remained elevated compared with REF (P < .05). Changes in TNF-α correlated with pulmonary toxicity (P < .01). At the end of therapy, IL-6 concentrations correlated with quality of life (P < .05) and fatigue (P < .01). CONCLUSION: GCC patients treated with BEP display consistently elevated levels of systemic inflammatory markers compared with healthy controls. Resistance training during therapy has no impact on plasma cytokine concentrations.
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