Suzanne C van Dijk1, Evelien Sohl2, Christian Oudshoorn3, Anke W Enneman3, Annelies C Ham3, Karin M A Swart2, Janneke P van Wijngaarden4, Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma4, Nikita L van der Zwaluw4, Andre G Uitterlinden5, Lisette C P G M de Groot6, Rosalie A M Dhonukshe-Rutten4, Paul Lips7, Natasja M van Schoor2, Henk J Blom8, Johanna M Geleijnse4, Edith J Feskens4, Yvo M Smulders9, M Carola Zillikens10, Renate T de Jongh11, Anton H van den Meiracker12, Francesco U S Mattace Raso13, Nathalie van der Velde3. 1. Department of Geriatrics, Erasmus MC,'s Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam 3015 CE, The Netherlands. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands. 4. Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, Leiden, The Netherlands. 6. Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 7. Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 8. Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 9. Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Institute for Cardiovascular Research ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 10. Department of Geriatrics, Erasmus MC,'s Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam 3015 CE, The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 11. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section & EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 12. Department of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 13. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: several studies have been pointing towards a non-linear relationship between serum 25(OH)D and cardiovascular disease. Next to vitamin D deficiency, also higher levels of 25(OH)D have been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to investigate the nature of the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and measures of arterial stiffness and arteriosclerosis in an elderly population. DESIGN: cross-sectional. SETTING/ SUBJECTS: a subgroup of the B-PROOF study was included to determine associations between serum 25(OH)D and arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis (n = 567, 57% male, age 72.6 ± 5.6 years, mean serum 25(OH)D 54.6 ± 24.1 nmol/l). METHODS: carotid intima media thickness (IMT) was assessed using ultrasonography and pulse wave velocity (PWV) was determined with applanation tonometry. Associations were tested using multivariable restricted cubic spline functions and stratified linear regression analysis. RESULTS: the associations between serum 25(OH)D and carotid IMT or PWV were non-linear. Spline functions demonstrated a difference between 25(OH)D deficient and sufficient individuals. In serum 25(OH)D sufficient participants (≥50 nmol/l; n = 287), a positive association with IMT and serum 25(OH)D was present (β 1.24; 95%CI [0.002; 2.473]). PWV levels were slightly lower in vitamin D deficient individuals, but the association with 25(OH)D was not significant. CONCLUSION: our study demonstrates that associations of serum 25(OH)D and PWV and IMT in an elderly population are not linear. In particular from serum 25(OH)D levels of 50 nmol/l and up, there is a slight increase of IMT with increasing 25(OH)D levels.
BACKGROUND: several studies have been pointing towards a non-linear relationship between serum 25(OH)D and cardiovascular disease. Next to vitamin D deficiency, also higher levels of 25(OH)D have been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to investigate the nature of the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and measures of arterial stiffness and arteriosclerosis in an elderly population. DESIGN: cross-sectional. SETTING/ SUBJECTS: a subgroup of the B-PROOF study was included to determine associations between serum 25(OH)D and arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis (n = 567, 57% male, age 72.6 ± 5.6 years, mean serum 25(OH)D 54.6 ± 24.1 nmol/l). METHODS: carotid intima media thickness (IMT) was assessed using ultrasonography and pulse wave velocity (PWV) was determined with applanation tonometry. Associations were tested using multivariable restricted cubic spline functions and stratified linear regression analysis. RESULTS: the associations between serum 25(OH)D and carotid IMT or PWV were non-linear. Spline functions demonstrated a difference between 25(OH)D deficient and sufficient individuals. In serum 25(OH)D sufficient participants (≥50 nmol/l; n = 287), a positive association with IMT and serum 25(OH)D was present (β 1.24; 95%CI [0.002; 2.473]). PWV levels were slightly lower in vitamin D deficient individuals, but the association with 25(OH)D was not significant. CONCLUSION: our study demonstrates that associations of serum 25(OH)D and PWV and IMT in an elderly population are not linear. In particular from serum 25(OH)D levels of 50 nmol/l and up, there is a slight increase of IMT with increasing 25(OH)D levels.
Authors: S Oliai Araghi; S C van Dijk; A C Ham; E M Brouwer-Brolsma; A W Enneman; E Sohl; K M A Swart; N L van der Zwaluw; J P van Wijngaarden; R A M Dhonukshe-Rutten; N M van Schoor; M C Zillikens; P Lips; L de Groot; A G Uitterlinden; N van der Velde Journal: J Nutr Health Aging Date: 2015-12 Impact factor: 4.075
Authors: Allison Ross Eckard; Paolo Raggi; Mary Ann O'Riordan; Julia C Rosebush; Danielle Labbato; Ann Chahroudi; Joshua H Ruff; Christopher T Longenecker; Vin Tangpricha; Grace A McComsey Journal: Virulence Date: 2017-10-05 Impact factor: 5.882