Wen-Chin Tsai1, Ting-I Lee2, Yao-Chang Chen3, Yu-Hsun Kao4, Yen-Yu Lu5, Yung-Kuo Lin6, Shih-Ann Chen7, Yi-Jen Chen8. 1. Division of Cardiology, Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan. 2. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of General Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. 3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. 4. Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. 5. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan. 6. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. 7. School of medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 8. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: a9900112@ms15.hinet.net.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Aging and testosterone deficiency contribute to the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). We determine the effects of testosterone replacement on the electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis of pulmonary vein (PV) and left atrium (LA) in aged rabbits. METHODS: Electrocardiography, heart rate variability, echocardiography, Western blot and conventional microelectrodes were used in aged rabbits (age, >2 years) with and without (control) testosterone treatment (10mg/kg, 12 weeks). RESULTS: Testosterone-treated aged rabbits had longer corrected QT interval, higher low frequency/high frequency, greater left ventricle (LV) mass but lower LA total emptying fraction and LV ejection fraction than control rabbits. In tissue preparations, the spontaneous rate was faster for testosterone-treated PVs than for control PVs. Angiotensin II concentration-dependently increased the amplitude of delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) in testosterone-treated PVs but only did so at the highest angiotensin II concentration (100 nM) in control PVs. Isoproterenol increased the incidence of early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and DADs in testosterone-treated PVs but not in control PVs. Testosterone-treated PVs had more H2O2-induced burst firing and EADs than control PVs. Testosterone-treated LAs had more isoproterenol-induced DADs and spontaneous activity than did control LAs. However, acetylcholine infusion and rapid atrial pacing (10-20 Hz) induced AF in control LAs but not in testosterone-treated LAs. In addition, as compared with control LAs, testosterone-treated LAs expressed more androgen receptor, β1-adrenergic receptor, and Cav 1.2 and less G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 and Kv 4.2. CONCLUSIONS: Testosterone replacement increased arrhythmogenesis in PV and LA by enhancing adrenergic activity in aged rabbits.
BACKGROUND: Aging and testosterone deficiency contribute to the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). We determine the effects of testosterone replacement on the electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis of pulmonary vein (PV) and left atrium (LA) in aged rabbits. METHODS: Electrocardiography, heart rate variability, echocardiography, Western blot and conventional microelectrodes were used in aged rabbits (age, >2 years) with and without (control) testosterone treatment (10mg/kg, 12 weeks). RESULTS:Testosterone-treated aged rabbits had longer corrected QT interval, higher low frequency/high frequency, greater left ventricle (LV) mass but lower LA total emptying fraction and LV ejection fraction than control rabbits. In tissue preparations, the spontaneous rate was faster for testosterone-treated PVs than for control PVs. Angiotensin II concentration-dependently increased the amplitude of delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) in testosterone-treated PVs but only did so at the highest angiotensin II concentration (100 nM) in control PVs. Isoproterenol increased the incidence of early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and DADs in testosterone-treated PVs but not in control PVs. Testosterone-treated PVs had more H2O2-induced burst firing and EADs than control PVs. Testosterone-treated LAs had more isoproterenol-induced DADs and spontaneous activity than did control LAs. However, acetylcholine infusion and rapid atrial pacing (10-20 Hz) induced AF in control LAs but not in testosterone-treated LAs. In addition, as compared with control LAs, testosterone-treated LAs expressed more androgen receptor, β1-adrenergic receptor, and Cav 1.2 and less G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 and Kv 4.2. CONCLUSIONS:Testosterone replacement increased arrhythmogenesis in PV and LA by enhancing adrenergic activity in aged rabbits.
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