Fanrong Meng1, Chen Chen1, Haisu Wan1, Qinghua Zhou1. 1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenviroment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In vitro site-directed mutagenesis is a routine technique in molecular biology labs. However, although there are numbers of related methods available, most of these methods are not suitable for introducing mutations into large vectors. METHODS: In this report, we describe a method which is highly effective for this purpose. Our method is based on the other site-directed method we recently reported. The basic protocol of our method is as follows: (1) Synthesize a pair of vector primers based on the sequences around the region to be mutated, each containing a suitable type IIs endonuclease restriction site; meanwhile, synthesize a pair of short complementary oligonucleotides which forms a mutagenic fragment after annealing; (2) Synthesize a pair of bridge primers which can specifically bind to a site in the vector sequence, each containing a suitable type IIs endonuclease restriction site; (3) Perform PCR reactions using these Vector primers and Bridge primers; (4) Digest the PCR products with the corresponding type IIs restriction enzyme; (5) Ligate the digested fragment with the mutagenic fragment to make the desired mutant. RESULTS: Using this protocol, we have introduced mutations into a vector larger than 9 kb. The results shows that the mutation rates are more that 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Our method provides a useful tool for performing site-directed mutagenesis experiment in large vector.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In vitro site-directed mutagenesis is a routine technique in molecular biology labs. However, although there are numbers of related methods available, most of these methods are not suitable for introducing mutations into large vectors. METHODS: In this report, we describe a method which is highly effective for this purpose. Our method is based on the other site-directed method we recently reported. The basic protocol of our method is as follows: (1) Synthesize a pair of vector primers based on the sequences around the region to be mutated, each containing a suitable type IIs endonuclease restriction site; meanwhile, synthesize a pair of short complementary oligonucleotides which forms a mutagenic fragment after annealing; (2) Synthesize a pair of bridge primers which can specifically bind to a site in the vector sequence, each containing a suitable type IIs endonuclease restriction site; (3) Perform PCR reactions using these Vector primers and Bridge primers; (4) Digest the PCR products with the corresponding type IIs restriction enzyme; (5) Ligate the digested fragment with the mutagenic fragment to make the desired mutant. RESULTS: Using this protocol, we have introduced mutations into a vector larger than 9 kb. The results shows that the mutation rates are more that 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Our method provides a useful tool for performing site-directed mutagenesis experiment in large vector.
将上一步骤所得产物进行纯化,所用试剂盒为DNA Fragment Purification(DV807A, Takara)。然后用限制性内切酶Esp3I进行酶切,形成粘性末端,反应条件为37 ℃水浴2 h。再次进行DNA纯化。最后进行连接反应,反应条件为16 ℃水浴2 h,所用试剂T4 DNA Ligase(Takara)。
Outline the experimental procedure of our method. A pair of vector primers and a short mutagenic fragment are synthesized, each vector primers containing a type IIs class endonuclease site, simultaneously, a bridge site is selected and a pair of bridge primers is also synthesized and each of the bridges primers contains a type IIs class endonuclease site. Two PCR reaction are then performed, each using a vector primer and a bridge primer. The PCR products are next digested with Dpn I and the corresponding type IIs class endonuclease. The digested products are subsequently ligated with the mutagenic fragment to form the mutant.
实验流程示意图Outline the experimental procedure of our method. A pair of vector primers and a short mutagenic fragment are synthesized, each vector primers containing a type IIs class endonuclease site, simultaneously, a bridge site is selected and a pair of bridge primers is also synthesized and each of the bridges primers contains a type IIs class endonuclease site. Two PCR reaction are then performed, each using a vector primer and a bridge primer. The PCR products are next digested with Dpn I and the corresponding type IIs class endonuclease. The digested products are subsequently ligated with the mutagenic fragment to form the mutant.
The experimental procedure. The type IIs restriction enzyme sites, Esp3I, are in bold and the mutational sites are underlined.
实验中所使用的碱基序列Oligonucleotides used in the experiments实验步骤。图中Esp3I酶切位点用黑体字标出,被突变的碱基用下划线标示。The experimental procedure. The type IIs restriction enzyme sites, Esp3I, are in bold and the mutational sites are underlined.在长的载体序列上,可能在载体序列内部,含有相应Type IIs类限制性内切酶位点。为证明我们提供的方法对这一类载体的有效性[,我们选择了另一个载体pOCT4-Luc2,该载体和前面的实验的区别,仅是在载体序列中含有一个Esp3I位点,其它部分没有区别。我们利用这个载体,分别以V-primer A、B-primer A1;V-primer B、B-primer B1和V-primer A、B-primer A2;V-primer B、B-primer B2进行了以上所描述的实验,这样在借助Esp 3I位点进行酶切时,就多出现一个片段,最后进行连接反应时实际上是四个DNA片段进行连接,得到的突变载体为2-AA1BB1、2-AA2BB2。,实验最后挑取单克隆,并对其中所含有的载体序列进行测序,结果表明,突变载体2-AA1BB1测序的12个克隆中,其中12个克隆含有所需要的突变,突变率达到100%;突变载体2-AA2BB2测序的11个克隆中,其中11个克隆含有所需要的突变,突变率达到100%。这个结果说明,我们所提供的方法,对内部含有Type IIs限制性内切酶位点的序列也有很好的突变效率。图 4A显示了实验中四个突变载体的突变效率,图 4B为突变片段的测序图。
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实验结果及测序图。A:突变的成功率;B:实验测序图。
Sequencing results of the mutants. A: Mutational rate of the mutants; B: Sequencing maps of the mutants.
实验结果及测序图。A:突变的成功率;B:实验测序图。Sequencing results of the mutants. A: Mutational rate of the mutants; B: Sequencing maps of the mutants.
Authors: C Neveu; F Dulin; B Lefranc; L Galas; C Calbrix; R Bureau; S Rault; J Chuquet; J A Boutin; L Guilhaudis; I Ségalas-Milazzo; D Vaudry; H Vaudry; J Sopkova-de Oliveira Santos; J Leprince Journal: Br J Pharmacol Date: 2014-09-05 Impact factor: 8.739