Mueller matrix polarimetry for differentiating characteristic features of cancerous tissues.

Polarization measurements allow one to enhance the imaging contrast of superficial tissues and obtain new polarization sensitive parameters for better descriptions of the micro- and macro- structural and optical properties of complex tissues. Since the majority of cancers originate in the epithelial layer, probing the morphological and pathological changes in the superficial tissues using an expended parameter set with improved contrast will assist in early clinical detection of cancers. We carry out Mueller matrix imaging on different cancerous tissues to look for cancer specific features. Using proper scattering models and Monte Carlo simulations, we examine the relationship between the microstructures of the samples, which are represented by the parameters of the scattering model and the characteristic features of the Mueller matrix. This study gives new clues on the contrast mechanisms of polarization sensitive measurements for different cancers and may provide new diagnostic techniques for clinical applications.