Benefits of submitral procedures for ischemic mitral regurgitation.

The surgical strategy for ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) remains controversial. Ischemic MR is a secondary valve disease caused by left ventricular (LV) remodeling and subsequent papillary muscle displacement, usually without structural valve lesions. Reduction annuloplasty is the standard surgical procedure for this condition, though it cannot clearly provide a survival benefit for those with LV dysfunction and is associated with a high prevalence of late recurrence of MR. The valvular procedure alone could be insufficient to treat ischemic MR in terms of long-term survival and the prevention of recurrence because ischemic MR is primarily a ventricular disorder. Thus, recent studies have focused on alternative procedures that target the primary cause of ischemic MR, the papillary muscles and left ventricle. We believe that the appropriate selection of surgical procedures among valvular, subvalvular, and even ventricular ones, considering the severity of LV remodeling for each patient would be more beneficial. Here we review recent studies featuring various surgical approaches to ischemic MR, especially with submitral procedures.