Jeroen Van Schependom1, Marie B D'hooghe2, Krista Cleynhens3, Mieke D'hooge3, Marie-Claire Haelewyck4, Jacques De Keyser5, Guy Nagels6. 1. Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussels/Faculté de Psychologie et des sciences de l'éducation, Place du Parc, 20 UMons, Mons, Belgium Jeroen.Van.Schependom@vub.ac.be. 2. Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium. 3. National MS Center Melsbroek, Belgium. 4. Faculté de Psychologie et des sciences de l'éducation, Place du Parc, 20 UMons, Mons, Belgium. 5. Center for Neurosciences UZ Brussel Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels/University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 6. Center for Neurosciences, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels/Faculté de Psychologie et des sciences de l'éducation, Place du Parc, 20 UMons, Mons/National MS Center Melsbroek, Belgium.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment affects half of the multiple sclerosis (MS) patient population and is an important contributor to patients' daily activities. Most cognitive impairment studies in MS are, however, cross-sectional or/and focused on the early disease stages. OBJECTIVE: We aim to assess the time course of decline of different cognitive domains. METHODS: We collected neuropsychological data on 514 MS patients to construct Kaplan-Meier survival curves of the tests included in the Neuropsychological Screening Battery for MS (NSBMS) and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Cox-proportional hazard models were constructed to examine the influence of MS onset type, age at onset, gender, depression and level of education on the time course, expressed as age or disease. RESULTS: Survival curves of tests focusing on information processing speed (IPS) declined significantly faster than tests with less specific demands of IPS. Median age for pathological decline was 56.2 years (95% CI: 54.4-58.2) on the SDMT and 63.9 years (95% CI: 60-66.9) on the CLTR, a memory task. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, IPS is the cognitive domain not only most widely affected by MS but it is also the first cognitive deficit to emerge in MS.
BACKGROUND:Cognitive impairment affects half of the multiple sclerosis (MS) patient population and is an important contributor to patients' daily activities. Most cognitive impairment studies in MS are, however, cross-sectional or/and focused on the early disease stages. OBJECTIVE: We aim to assess the time course of decline of different cognitive domains. METHODS: We collected neuropsychological data on 514 MS patients to construct Kaplan-Meier survival curves of the tests included in the Neuropsychological Screening Battery for MS (NSBMS) and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Cox-proportional hazard models were constructed to examine the influence of MS onset type, age at onset, gender, depression and level of education on the time course, expressed as age or disease. RESULTS: Survival curves of tests focusing on information processing speed (IPS) declined significantly faster than tests with less specific demands of IPS. Median age for pathological decline was 56.2 years (95% CI: 54.4-58.2) on the SDMT and 63.9 years (95% CI: 60-66.9) on the CLTR, a memory task. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, IPS is the cognitive domain not only most widely affected by MS but it is also the first cognitive deficit to emerge in MS.
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