Tetsuya Taguchi1, Hitoshi Adachi2, Hiroshi Hoshizaki2, Shigeru Oshima2, Masahiko Kurabayashi3. 1. Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan. Electronic address: m10702029@gunma-u.ac.jp. 2. Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Gunma, Japan. 3. Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Exercise training is known to improve the shortness of breath experienced by patients with heart disease when the ventilatory pattern becomes abnormal during exercise. However, the precise relationship between breathing patterns and the effect of exercise training has not been elucidated to date. We evaluated the relationship between the effect of exercise training on exercise tolerance and the amelioration of the ventilatory response during exercise in such patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with heart disease (n=170) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing twice (pre- and postexercise training for 3-6 months). They were divided into the exercise training group (Group E, n=123) and control group (Group C, n=47). Regression line relating tidal volume to respiratory rate (TV-RR slope) during a ramp protocol below the inflection point was regarded as an indicator of rapid ventilation. Tidal volume after the inflection point was regarded as an indicator of shallow ventilation (TV at plateau). The TV-RR slope and TV at plateau improved after exercise training from 94.8±45.9 to 129.9±69.5 (p<0.001) and from 1473.6±321.9mL to 1673.2±355.1mL (p<0.001), respectively, in Group E. In contrast, no improvement was evident in Group C. In total, %anaerobic threshold (%AT) [AT improving ratio=(post-AT-pre-AT)/pre-AT×100] was positively correlated with both %TV-RR slope [TV-RR slope improving ratio=(post-TV-RR slope-pre-TV-RR slope)/pre-TV-RR slope×100] (r=0.60) and %TV at plateau [TV at plateau improving ratio=(post-TV at plateau-pre-TV at plateau)/pre-TV at plateau×100] (r=0.51). CONCLUSION: Exercise training improved the rapidness and depth of breathing during exercise. Therefore, improvement of abnormal ventilatory patterns is correlated with exercise tolerance.
BACKGROUND: Exercise training is known to improve the shortness of breath experienced by patients with heart disease when the ventilatory pattern becomes abnormal during exercise. However, the precise relationship between breathing patterns and the effect of exercise training has not been elucidated to date. We evaluated the relationship between the effect of exercise training on exercise tolerance and the amelioration of the ventilatory response during exercise in such patients. METHODS AND RESULTS:Patients with heart disease (n=170) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing twice (pre- and postexercise training for 3-6 months). They were divided into the exercise training group (Group E, n=123) and control group (Group C, n=47). Regression line relating tidal volume to respiratory rate (TV-RR slope) during a ramp protocol below the inflection point was regarded as an indicator of rapid ventilation. Tidal volume after the inflection point was regarded as an indicator of shallow ventilation (TV at plateau). The TV-RR slope and TV at plateau improved after exercise training from 94.8±45.9 to 129.9±69.5 (p<0.001) and from 1473.6±321.9mL to 1673.2±355.1mL (p<0.001), respectively, in Group E. In contrast, no improvement was evident in Group C. In total, %anaerobic threshold (%AT) [AT improving ratio=(post-AT-pre-AT)/pre-AT×100] was positively correlated with both %TV-RR slope [TV-RR slope improving ratio=(post-TV-RR slope-pre-TV-RR slope)/pre-TV-RR slope×100] (r=0.60) and %TV at plateau [TV at plateau improving ratio=(post-TV at plateau-pre-TV at plateau)/pre-TV at plateau×100] (r=0.51). CONCLUSION: Exercise training improved the rapidness and depth of breathing during exercise. Therefore, improvement of abnormal ventilatory patterns is correlated with exercise tolerance.
Authors: Grace Dibben; James Faulkner; Neil Oldridge; Karen Rees; David R Thompson; Ann-Dorthe Zwisler; Rod S Taylor Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2021-11-06
Authors: Thimo Marcin; Prisca Eser; Eva Prescott; Leonie F Prins; Evelien Kolkman; Wendy Bruins; Astrid E van der Velde; Carlos Peña Gil; Marie-Christine Iliou; Diego Ardissino; Uwe Zeymer; Esther P Meindersma; Arnoud W J Van't Hof; Ed P de Kluiver; Matthias Wilhelm Journal: PLoS One Date: 2021-08-03 Impact factor: 3.240