Michaela Diamant1, Michael A Nauck2, Rimma Shaginian3, James K Malone4, Simon Cleall5, Matthew Reaney5, Danielle de Vries3, Byron J Hoogwerf4, Leigh MacConell6, Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel7. 1. Diabetes Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 2. Diabetes Center, Bad Lauterberg, Germany. 3. Eli Lilly and Company, Houten, the Netherlands. 4. Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN. 5. Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, U.K. 6. Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, San Diego, CA. 7. Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands bwo@umcg.nl.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Mealtime insulin is commonly added to manage hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes when basal insulin is insufficient. However, this complex regimen is associated with weight gain and hypoglycemia. This study compared the efficacy and safety of exenatide twice daily or mealtime insulin lispro in patients inadequately controlled by insulin glargine and metformin despite up-titration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this 30-week, open-label, multicenter, randomized, noninferiority trial with 12 weeks prior insulin optimization, 627 patients with insufficient postoptimization glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were randomized to exenatide (10-20 µg/day) or thrice-daily mealtime lispro titrated to premeal glucose of 5.6-6.0 mmol/L, both added to insulin glargine (mean 61 units/day at randomization) and metformin (mean 2,000 mg/day). RESULTS:Randomization HbA1c and fasting glucose (FG) were 8.3% (67 mmol/mol) and 7.1 mmol/L for exenatide and 8.2% (66 mmol/mol) and 7.1 mmol/L for lispro. At 30 weeks postrandomization, mean HbA1c changes were noninferior for exenatide compared with lispro (-1.13 and -1.10%, respectively); treatment differences were -0.04 (95% CI -0.18, 0.11) in per-protocol (n = 510) and -0.03 (95% CI -0.16, 0.11) in intent-to-treat (n = 627) populations. FG was lower with exenatide than lispro (6.5 vs. 7.2 mmol/L; P = 0.002). Weight decreased with exenatide and increased with lispro (-2.5 vs. +2.1 kg; P < 0.001). More patients reported treatment satisfaction and better quality of life with exenatide than lispro, although a larger proportion of patients with exenatide experienced treatment-emergent adverse events. Exenatide resulted in fewer nonnocturnal hypoglycemic episodes but more gastrointestinal adverse events than lispro. CONCLUSIONS: Adding exenatide to titrated glargine with metformin resulted in similar glycemic control as adding lispro and was well tolerated. These findings support exenatide as a noninsulin addition for patients failing basal insulin.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: Mealtime insulin is commonly added to manage hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes when basal insulin is insufficient. However, this complex regimen is associated with weight gain and hypoglycemia. This study compared the efficacy and safety of exenatide twice daily or mealtime insulinlispro in patients inadequately controlled by insulinglargine and metformin despite up-titration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this 30-week, open-label, multicenter, randomized, noninferiority trial with 12 weeks prior insulin optimization, 627 patients with insufficient postoptimization glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were randomized to exenatide (10-20 µg/day) or thrice-daily mealtime lispro titrated to premeal glucose of 5.6-6.0 mmol/L, both added to insulinglargine (mean 61 units/day at randomization) and metformin (mean 2,000 mg/day). RESULTS: Randomization HbA1c and fasting glucose (FG) were 8.3% (67 mmol/mol) and 7.1 mmol/L for exenatide and 8.2% (66 mmol/mol) and 7.1 mmol/L for lispro. At 30 weeks postrandomization, mean HbA1c changes were noninferior for exenatide compared with lispro (-1.13 and -1.10%, respectively); treatment differences were -0.04 (95% CI -0.18, 0.11) in per-protocol (n = 510) and -0.03 (95% CI -0.16, 0.11) in intent-to-treat (n = 627) populations. FG was lower with exenatide than lispro (6.5 vs. 7.2 mmol/L; P = 0.002). Weight decreased with exenatide and increased with lispro (-2.5 vs. +2.1 kg; P < 0.001). More patients reported treatment satisfaction and better quality of life with exenatide than lispro, although a larger proportion of patients with exenatide experienced treatment-emergent adverse events. Exenatide resulted in fewer nonnocturnal hypoglycemic episodes but more gastrointestinal adverse events than lispro. CONCLUSIONS: Adding exenatide to titrated glargine with metformin resulted in similar glycemic control as adding lispro and was well tolerated. These findings support exenatide as a noninsulin addition for patients failing basal insulin.
Authors: T D Müller; B Finan; S R Bloom; D D'Alessio; D J Drucker; P R Flatt; A Fritsche; F Gribble; H J Grill; J F Habener; J J Holst; W Langhans; J J Meier; M A Nauck; D Perez-Tilve; A Pocai; F Reimann; D A Sandoval; T W Schwartz; R J Seeley; K Stemmer; M Tang-Christensen; S C Woods; R D DiMarchi; M H Tschöp Journal: Mol Metab Date: 2019-09-30 Impact factor: 7.422
Authors: Silvio E Inzucchi; Richard M Bergenstal; John B Buse; Michaela Diamant; Ele Ferrannini; Michael Nauck; Anne L Peters; Apostolos Tsapas; Richard Wender; David R Matthews Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2015-01-13 Impact factor: 10.122