Jie Zhang1, Ying Xie2, Hang Su2, Jingyan Tao2, Yeming Sun3, Liren Li4, Haiyan Liang5, Ruqian He2, Bin Han2, Yuling Lu2, Haiwei Sun2, Youdan Wei2, Jun Guo6, Xiang Yang Zhang7, Jincai He8. 1. Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Department of Neurology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou 317700, China. 2. Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China. 3. Department of Psychiatry, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway Township, NJ 07103, USA. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway Township, NJ 08901, USA. 5. Department of Neurology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou 317700, China. 6. Sanyang Detoxification Institute, Wenzhou 325000, China. 7. Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing BJ 100096, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: zhangxy9@gmail.com. 8. Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China. Electronic address: hjc@wzmc.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Depression, a common comorbidity of drug abuse, is often a core component of withdrawal symptoms; however, risk factors associated with depressive symptoms during the acute stage of withdrawal among methamphetamine (METH) users are not well understood. This study investigated the correlations between several potential risk factors and depressive symptoms during acute METH withdrawal in a Han Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 243 eligible Chinese METH users were recruited from Wenzhou Sanyang Detoxification Institute in Zhejiang province from November 2012 to June 2013. A set of self-administrative questionnaires were used to collect information about socio-demographics, drug use history and depression. Thirteen-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) was used to measure depressive symptoms. RESULTS: METH users had a mean BDI-13 score of 12.39; 157 subjects (64.6%) reported depressive symptoms during METH withdrawal, of which 74 subjects (30.5%) reported moderate depressive symptoms and 83 subjects (34.1%) reported severe depressive symptoms. Higher frequency of drug use and history of METH-use relapse were associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted OR=2.8; 95% CI=1.56-5.04) and (adjusted OR=3.4; 95% CI=1.36-8.49), respectively. Moderate alcohol drinking was associated with less risk for depressive symptoms during acute withdrawal (adjusted OR=0.54; 95% CI=0.31-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms are common during early METH withdrawal. In addition, several risk factors including frequency of METH use and history of relapse were positively associated with depressive symptoms during that period while moderate alcohol drinking was negatively associated with depressive symptoms.
BACKGROUND:Depression, a common comorbidity of drug abuse, is often a core component of withdrawal symptoms; however, risk factors associated with depressive symptoms during the acute stage of withdrawal among methamphetamine (METH) users are not well understood. This study investigated the correlations between several potential risk factors and depressive symptoms during acute METH withdrawal in a Han Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 243 eligible Chinese METH users were recruited from Wenzhou Sanyang Detoxification Institute in Zhejiang province from November 2012 to June 2013. A set of self-administrative questionnaires were used to collect information about socio-demographics, drug use history and depression. Thirteen-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) was used to measure depressive symptoms. RESULTS:METH users had a mean BDI-13 score of 12.39; 157 subjects (64.6%) reported depressive symptoms during METH withdrawal, of which 74 subjects (30.5%) reported moderate depressive symptoms and 83 subjects (34.1%) reported severe depressive symptoms. Higher frequency of drug use and history of METH-use relapse were associated with depressive symptoms (adjusted OR=2.8; 95% CI=1.56-5.04) and (adjusted OR=3.4; 95% CI=1.36-8.49), respectively. Moderate alcohol drinking was associated with less risk for depressive symptoms during acute withdrawal (adjusted OR=0.54; 95% CI=0.31-0.93). CONCLUSIONS:Depressive symptoms are common during early METH withdrawal. In addition, several risk factors including frequency of METH use and history of relapse were positively associated with depressive symptoms during that period while moderate alcohol drinking was negatively associated with depressive symptoms.
Authors: Mohammad Hadi Safi; Seyyed Jalal Younesi; Asghar Dadkhah; Ali Farhoudian; Masoud Fallahi-Khoshknab; Manoochehr Azkhosh Journal: Addict Health Date: 2016