Synthesis and application of immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases for enantioseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) or chiral packing materials (CPMs) have been frequently employed for analyzing and separating various enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The polysaccharide derivatives dissolved in a solvent are usually coated on silica gel to be used as CSPs. This means that some solvents, which can swell or dissolve the derivatives, cannot be used as the eluents in HPLC. In this review, various immobilization methods of the polysaccharide derivatives are described. The immobilization often reduces the chiral recognition ability compared to that of the corresponding coated-type CSPs. This problem can be overcome by the versatility of eluent selection for the immobilized CSPs. Enantioseparations of various racemates on the immobilized commercial columns using the non-standard eluents are briefly summarized.