A Hassan1, S A Meo, A M Usmani, T J Shaikh. 1. University Diabetes Center, King Saud University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. sultanmeo@hotmail.com/smeo@ksu.edu.sa.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Fasting (Sawm) during Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam and mandatory for all Muslim healthy adults. Most of the Muslim diabetic patients insist on fasting in Ramadan despite their exemption. Due to paucity of literature, diabetes during Ramadan is underestimated and the statistics are not reflecting the actual reality. The aim of this study is to highlight the demographics in diabetic Muslim population and emphasize its ramifications on Ramadan fasting. METHODS: In this study, we developed a 3 step PRE-approach model based on Presentation, Risk stratification, Education in diabetics who fast during Ramadan. For the establishment of this model we identified 40 published studies in database searches including ISI-web of science and pub-med. We searched the related literature by using the key words including diabetes mellitus, Ramadan fasting. All studies in which diabetes and fasting in Ramadan was investigated were included. There was no limitation on publication status, design or language. Finally, we included 35 publications and remaining 5 were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The diabetic patients who fast are at risk of severe hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, dehydration, thrombosis, strokes and retinal artery occlusion. Lack of education, poor healthcare and no structured guidance cause adeverse health consequences. CONCLUSIONS: It is vital to empower the healthcare workers and the patients in the frontlines with appropriate information. To preempt and minimize the problems faced by the diabetic patients who fast, available resources should be mobilized to efficiently and effectively reach out these patients. Diabetic patient educational guidelines about Ramadan fasting should be disseminated and translated into major regional languages to minimize the complications. Diabetic patients who are stable, free of deteriorating complications and able to manage can be allowed to fast.
OBJECTIVE: Fasting (Sawm) during Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam and mandatory for all Muslim healthy adults. Most of the Muslim diabeticpatients insist on fasting in Ramadan despite their exemption. Due to paucity of literature, diabetes during Ramadan is underestimated and the statistics are not reflecting the actual reality. The aim of this study is to highlight the demographics in diabetic Muslim population and emphasize its ramifications on Ramadan fasting. METHODS: In this study, we developed a 3 step PRE-approach model based on Presentation, Risk stratification, Education in diabetics who fast during Ramadan. For the establishment of this model we identified 40 published studies in database searches including ISI-web of science and pub-med. We searched the related literature by using the key words including diabetes mellitus, Ramadan fasting. All studies in which diabetes and fasting in Ramadan was investigated were included. There was no limitation on publication status, design or language. Finally, we included 35 publications and remaining 5 were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The diabeticpatients who fast are at risk of severe hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, dehydration, thrombosis, strokes and retinal artery occlusion. Lack of education, poor healthcare and no structured guidance cause adeverse health consequences. CONCLUSIONS: It is vital to empower the healthcare workers and the patients in the frontlines with appropriate information. To preempt and minimize the problems faced by the diabeticpatients who fast, available resources should be mobilized to efficiently and effectively reach out these patients. Diabeticpatient educational guidelines about Ramadan fasting should be disseminated and translated into major regional languages to minimize the complications. Diabeticpatients who are stable, free of deteriorating complications and able to manage can be allowed to fast.
Authors: Angelina M M Basso; Patrícia B Pelegrini; Fernanda Mulinari; Michelle C Costa; Antonio B Viana; Luciano P Silva; Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa Journal: AMB Express Date: 2015-03-12 Impact factor: 3.298
Authors: Abdallah M Beano; Mohammad A Zmaili; Zaid H Gheith; Ahmad M Naser; Munther S Momani; Al Motassem F Yousef; Ayman A Zayed Journal: Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) Date: 2017-06
Authors: Sueziani B Zainudin; Khalishah Nadhirah B Abu Bakar; Salmiah B Abdullah; Aslena B Hussain Journal: Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab Date: 2018-06-12 Impact factor: 3.565
Authors: Louay Y Zaghlol; Amir F Beirat; Justin Z Amarin; Amro M Hassoun Al Najar; Yazan Y Hasan; Abdallah Qtaishat; Michael E Tierney; Raja Y Zaghlol; Ayman A Zayed Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2021-07-07 Impact factor: 5.555
Authors: Mohamed H Ahmed; Nazik Elmalaika Husain; Wadie M Elmadhoun; Sufian K Noor; Abbas A Khalil; Ahmed O Almobarak Journal: J Family Med Prim Care Date: 2017 Jan-Mar