Anti-inflammatory properties of samidin from Seseli resinosum through suppression of NF-κB and AP-1-mediated-genes in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Seseli is a herb widely used for its anti-inflammation, anti-flatulence and various other healing properties. In the present study, we investigated the effects of samidin on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The results demonstrated that samidin significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide, as well as the gene expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. The results from an electrophoretic mobility shift assay illustrated that samidin significantly suppressed NF-κB and AP-1 DNA-binding affinity. In addition, both the NF-κB subunit p65 and the AP-1-related c-jun were markedly inhibited by samidin. The time course experiment demonstrated that samidin showed significant inhibitory effect on p38 and JNK activation. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA level were remarkably down-regulated by samidin in LPS-stimulated macrophages based on quantitative-real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results suggested that samidin has a potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent for various inflammatory diseases.