G Moreno-Solís1, J Torres-Borrego2, M J de la Torre-Aguilar1, F Fernández-Gutiérrez1, F J Llorente-Cantarero1, J L Pérez-Navero1. 1. Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy Unit, Pediatrics Clinical Management Unit, Reina Sofía Children's University Hospital, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain. 2. Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy Unit, Pediatrics Clinical Management Unit, Reina Sofía Children's University Hospital, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain. Electronic address: jtorbo@yahoo.es.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus acute bronchiolitis (RSV-AB) is a major cause of hospital admission among our infants. The immune and inflammatory mechanisms involved in the RSV-AB and factors influencing severity have not been clearly established, although an imbalanced Th1 and Th2 response seems to be crucial. OBJECTIVES: To assess the local and systemic inflammatory response in RSV-AB. To find a possible marker of clinical severity and/or oxygen requirements. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Levels of nine cytokines were measured in nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) and peripheral blood (PB) of 45 infants with RSV-AB and 27 peer controls, including IFNγ, TNFα, VEGF, interleukins 4, 6 and 10, and chemokines (IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory proteins 1-α and 1-β). RESULTS: The levels of the analyzed cytokines and chemokines were significantly higher in the NPA of RSV-AB group, with a decrease in IL-4/IFNγ ratio. IL-6 and MIP-1β levels in NPA were directly correlated to oxygen therapy. PB showed an increase in IL-8 and a decrease in MIP-1α and MIP-1β in the RSV-AB group (only MIP-1β associated to the need for oxygen therapy). No correlation was found between cytokines and chemokines levels in NPA and PB. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that RSV triggers an inflammatory response fundamentally at the respiratory level, with scant systemic repercussion. This local response is characterized by an increase in Th1 and Th2 cytokines, although with a relative predominance of Th1. The determination upon patient admission of IL-6 and MIP-1β levels in NPA, and of MIP-1β in PB could help predict severe forms and the need for oxygenotherapy.
BACKGROUND:Respiratory syncytial virus acute bronchiolitis (RSV-AB) is a major cause of hospital admission among our infants. The immune and inflammatory mechanisms involved in the RSV-AB and factors influencing severity have not been clearly established, although an imbalanced Th1 and Th2 response seems to be crucial. OBJECTIVES: To assess the local and systemic inflammatory response in RSV-AB. To find a possible marker of clinical severity and/or oxygen requirements. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Levels of nine cytokines were measured in nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) and peripheral blood (PB) of 45 infants with RSV-AB and 27 peer controls, including IFNγ, TNFα, VEGF, interleukins 4, 6 and 10, and chemokines (IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory proteins 1-α and 1-β). RESULTS: The levels of the analyzed cytokines and chemokines were significantly higher in the NPA of RSV-AB group, with a decrease in IL-4/IFNγ ratio. IL-6 and MIP-1β levels in NPA were directly correlated to oxygen therapy. PB showed an increase in IL-8 and a decrease in MIP-1α and MIP-1β in the RSV-AB group (only MIP-1β associated to the need for oxygen therapy). No correlation was found between cytokines and chemokines levels in NPA and PB. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that RSV triggers an inflammatory response fundamentally at the respiratory level, with scant systemic repercussion. This local response is characterized by an increase in Th1 and Th2 cytokines, although with a relative predominance of Th1. The determination upon patient admission of IL-6 and MIP-1β levels in NPA, and of MIP-1β in PB could help predict severe forms and the need for oxygenotherapy.
Authors: Ricardo A Mosquera; Ana M Gomez-Rubio; Tomika Harris; Aravind Yadav; Katrina McBeth; Traci Gonzales; Cindy Jon; James Stark; Elenir Avritscher; Claudia Pedroza; Keely Smith; Giuseppe Colasurdo; Susan Wootton; Pedro Piedra; Jon E Tyson; Cheryl Samuels Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2016-09-16 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Karen Bohmwald; Nicolás M S Gálvez; Gisela Canedo-Marroquín; Magdalena S Pizarro-Ortega; Catalina Andrade-Parra; Felipe Gómez-Santander; Alexis M Kalergis Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2019-03-18 Impact factor: 7.561